ArticleCommunications biology2022
Time-sensitive prefrontal involvement in associating confidence with task performance illustrates metacognitive introspection in monkeys.
Article in Communications biology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neural and computational correlates of strategic aborting and long-run policy optimization in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Reassessing Choice Probability: What 59 Macaque Studies Tell Us About Decision-Related Activity in Visual Cortex.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Response Time as a Proxy for Decision Confidence: Insights From Type-2 ROC Analysis.Open mind : discoveries in cognitive science · 2026Article
- Metacognitive sensitivity: The key to calibrating trust and optimal decision making with AI.PNAS nexus · 2025Article
- Metacognition in nonhuman primates: a review of current knowledge.Primates; journal of primatology · 2025Review
- Confidence in visual detection, familiarity and recollection judgments is preserved in schizophrenia spectrum disorder.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- Metacognition as a Consequence of Competing Evolutionary Time Scales.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Metacognition refers to the ability to be aware of one's own cognition. Ample evidence indicates that metacognition in the human primate is highly dissociable from cognition, specialized across domains, and subserved by distinct neural substrates. However, these aspects remain relatively understudied in macaque monkeys. In the present study, we investigated the functionality of macaque metacognition by combining a confidence proxy, hierarchical Bayesian meta-d' computational modelling, and a single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation technique. We found that Brodmann area 46d (BA46d) played a critical role in supporting metacognition independent of task performance; we also found that the critical role of this region in meta-calculation was time-sensitive. Additionally, we report that macaque metacognition is highly domain-specific with respect to memory and perception decisions. These findings carry implications for our understanding of metacognitive introspection within the primate lineage.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.