ArticleThe Journal of pediatrics2022
Amoxicillin Versus Other Antibiotic Agents for the Treatment of Acute Otitis Media in Children.
Article in The Journal of pediatrics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guideline
- Antibiotic treatment of acute and recurrent otitis media in children: an Italian intersociety Consensus.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2025Guideline
- When Empiric Therapy Fails: Clinical and Economic Consequences in uUTIs Among US Women.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Antibiotic use and adherence to Finnish treatment guidelines in pediatric acute otitis media.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Finnish Healthcare Professionals' Online Searches for Paediatric Oral Antibiotics: COVID-19 Impact, 2017-2023.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2026Article
- Cost to implement an outpatient stewardship intervention for acute otitis media (AOM).Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2026Article
- Interventions to Minimize Unnecessary Antibiotic Use for Acute Otitis Media: A Meta-Analysis.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Review
- Probiotic, Prebiotic, and Synbiotic Supplementation for the Prevention and Treatment of Acute Otitis Media: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Antibiotic exposure is associated with minimal gut microbiome perturbations in healthy term infants.Microbiome · 2025Article
- Reducing antibiotic duration for acute otitis media: clinician, administrator, and parental insights to inform implementation of system-level interventions.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2025Article
- It's QuizTime! The impact of web-based microlearning quizzes on guideline-concordant antibiotic duration for pediatric acute otitis media.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2025Article
- Empiric: A Card Game for Guideline-Based Antibiotic Prescribing Used for Continuing Medical Education.MedEdPORTAL : the journal of teaching and learning resources · 2025Article
- Optimal Pediatric Outpatient Antibiotic Prescribing.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Durations of Antibiotic Treatment for Acute Otitis Media and Variability in Prescribed Durations Across Two Large Academic Health Systems.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2024Article
- Clinical Outcomes Associated with Amoxicillin Treatment for Acute Otitis Media in Children.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2024Article
- Interventions to de-implement unnecessary antibiotic prescribing for ear infections (DISAPEAR Trial): protocol for a cluster-randomized trial.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- ISOM 2023 Research Panel 5: Interventions- Vaccines and prevention, medical and surgical treatment, and impact of COVID-19 pandemic.International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology · 2024Review
- Reducing length of antibiotics for children with ear infections: protocol for a cluster-randomized trial in the USA.Journal of comparative effectiveness research · 2023Article
- Reliability of nasopharyngeal PCR for the detection of otopathogens in children with uncomplicated acute otitis media compared to culture.Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThe objective of the study was to compare the antibiotic treatment failure and recurrence rates between antibiotic agents (amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefdinir, and azithromycin) for children with uncomplicated acute otitis media (AOM). STUDY
designWe completed a retrospective cohort study of children 6 months-12 years of age with uncomplicated AOM identified in a nationwide claims database. The primary exposure was the antibiotic agent, and the primary outcomes were treatment failure and recurrence. Logistic regression was used to estimate ORs, and analyses were stratified by primary exposure, patient age, and antibiotic duration.
resultsAmong the 1 051 007 children included in the analysis, 56.6% were prescribed amoxicillin, 13.5% were prescribed amoxicillin-clavulanate, 20.6% were prescribed cefdinir, and 9.3% were prescribed azithromycin. Most prescriptions (93%) were for 10 days, and 98% were filled within 1 day of the medical encounter. Treatment failure and recurrence occurred in 2.2% (95% CI: 2.1, 2.2) and 3.3% (3.2, 3.3) of children, respectively. Combined failure and recurrence rates were low for all agents including amoxicillin (1.7%; 1.7, 1.8), amoxicillin-clavulanate (11.3%; 11.1, 11.5), cefdinir (10.0%; 9.8, 10.1), and azithromycin (9.8%; 9.6, 10.0).
conclusionsDespite microbiologic changes in AOM etiology, treatment failure and recurrence were uncommon for all antibiotic agents and were lower for amoxicillin than for other agents. These findings support the continued use of amoxicillin as a first-line agent for AOM when antibiotics are prescribed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.