ArticleJournal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR2022
Associations Between Parent Mental State Language and Child Inhibitory Control in Children Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing.
Article in Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effortful control and expressive language in deaf or hard-of-hearing children: The contributions of caregiver language and parenting stress.Journal of child language · 2026Article
- Language as a Window to the Mind: Parental Mental State Language in Relation to Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Children's Social-Emotional Skills.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- "Cool" and "Hot" executive functions in deaf children: the executive brain battery (EBB).Journal of deaf studies and deaf education · 2025Article
- When May Cochlear Implant Not Work Even at a Very Young Age?International archives of otorhinolaryngology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeChildren who are deaf or hard of hearing (D/HH) are at increased risk for neurocognitive delays, which can have cascading effects on development. Associations between neurocognition and the content of parental language-specifically the use of mental state vocabulary-have been observed in typically hearing (TH) children. This study investigated the role of parental use of mental state language (e.g., vocabulary related to thought processes, desires, and emotions) in explaining variability in neurocognition in children who are D/HH.
methodDyads of 62 TH and 69 D/HH children who wear hearing aids or cochlear implants (ages 3-8 years) and their primary parent were videorecorded during a 20-min play session. Specific mental state words used by parents were extracted. Child neurocognition (specifically, inhibitory control) was assessed using norm-referenced measures.
resultsParent use of mental state language predicted child inhibitory control differentially based on hearing status, with a significant relation in the D/HH but not the TH group. Mental state vocabulary related to cognition (e.g., "think," "know"), but not to desire (e.g., "want," "like") or emotion (e.g., "feel," "frustrated"), predicted child inhibitory control in the D/HH group. Finally, there was a significant relation between the use of first person, but not second or third person, mental state verbs (e.g., "I think") and child inhibitory control.
conclusionsParental use of cognitive mental state vocabulary models language around thought processes, and parents' use of first-person referents models "self-talk." Modeling of these linguistic forms is likely foundational for developing self-regulation. Children who are D/HH often experience reduced auditory access and/or language delays and thus rely on high-quality parental language input for longer periods of development than their TH peers. Continued support from interventionists is indicated to coach parents to be high-quality models of more abstract, decontextualized language, supporting complex language development and inhibitory control in children who are D/HH.
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