ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2022
Synthetic growth by self-lubricated photopolymerization and extrusion inspired by plants and fungi.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Soft robotic devices for cardiovascular medicine.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2026Review
- Accessing pluripotent drones through reprogramming of dynamic soft self-healing chemical growth.National science review · 2025Article
- Article
- Tip-Growing Robots: Design, Theory, Application.IEEE transactions on robotics : a publication of the IEEE Robotics and Automation Society · 2025Article
- A Pneumatic Flexible Linear Actuator Inspired by Snake Swallowing.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- An intelligent spinal soft robot with self-sensing adaptability.Innovation (Cambridge (Mass.)) · 2024Article
- Failure without Tears: Two-Step Attachment in a Climbing Cactus.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Core-shell fibremats comprising a poly(AM/DAAM)/ADH nanofibre core and nylon6 shell layer are an attractive immobilization platform for constructing immobilised enzymes.RSC advances · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Many natural organisms, such as fungal hyphae and plant roots, grow at their tips, enabling the generation of complex bodies composed of natural materials as well as dexterous movement and exploration. Tip growth presents an exemplary process by which materials synthesis and actuation are coupled, providing a blueprint for how growth could be realized in a synthetic system. Herein, we identify three underlying principles essential to tip-based growth of biological organisms: a fluid pressure driving force, localized polymerization for generating structure, and fluid-mediated transport of constituent materials. In this work, these evolved features inspire a synthetic materials growth process called extrusion by self-lubricated interface photopolymerization (E-SLIP), which can continuously fabricate solid profiled polymer parts with tunable mechanical properties from liquid precursors. To demonstrate the utility of E-SLIP, we create a tip-growing soft robot, outline its fundamental governing principles, and highlight its capabilities for growth at speeds up to 12 cm/min and lengths up to 1.5 m. This growing soft robot is capable of executing a range of tasks, including exploration, burrowing, and traversing tortuous paths, which highlight the potential for synthetic growth as a platform for on-demand manufacturing of infrastructure, exploration, and sensing in a variety of environments.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.