SynthesisJCI insight2022
Statin shapes inflamed tumor microenvironment and enhances immune checkpoint blockade in non-small cell lung cancer.
Synthesis in JCI insight, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 133 citations in OpenAlex.
- Statins use and prognosis in lung cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: evidence from a meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- The role of lipid metabolic reprogramming in tumor microenvironment.Theranostics · 2023Pooled it
- Lipid Metabolic Reprogramming in Lung Cancer: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets in the Tumor Microenvironment.International journal of cancer · 2026Review
- Impact of Dyslipidemia on Clinical Outcomes Among Cancer Patients Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- cGAS-STING pathway activation drives the cold-to-hot tumor transition and sensitizes immunotherapy.Cancer biology & medicine · 2026Review
- Role of SCAP in regulation of pancreatic homeostasis, pancreatitis, and tumorigenesis.Oncogene · 2026Article
- Ultrasound-targeted microbubble cavitation enhances anti-PD-L1 therapy in TNBC via eNOS-mediated reoxygenation.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Lipophilic Statins Deplete GPX4 to Promote Ferroptosis and Sensitize Cancer Cells to Immune Checkpoint Blockade.Molecular cancer therapeutics · 2026Article
- Targeting cholesterol-driven immunometabolism in cancer: from molecular circuits to clinical translation.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Targeting ferroptosis in cancer: from mechanistic insights to therapeutic approaches.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Squalene synthase induces ERα expression via cholesterol supplementation to confer statin resistance in lung cancer cells.Cancer cell international · 2026Article
- Impact of Statin Use on Immunotherapy Outcomes and Efficacy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Targeted metabolism creates possibilities for lung cancer treatment in the precision tumor era.Respiratory research · 2026Review
- Redirecting Cholesterol Metabolism DuringInternational journal of biological sciences · 2026Article
- Methylation of DPP9 regulates immune surveillance in non-small cell lung cancer by promoting macrophage ferroptosis via WWP2 ubiquitination.American journal of cancer research · 2026Article
- Protein Post-Translational Modifications in the Regulation of Ferroptosis: New Opportunities and Challenges for Cancer Immunotherapy.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- Statins attenuate PD-L1 sorting to small extracellular vesicles dependent on ubiquitin-like 3 modification.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Tumorous cholesterol biosynthesis curtails anti-tumor immunity by preventing MTOR-TFEB-mediated lysosomal degradation of CD274/PD-L1.Autophagy · 2025Article
- Emerging dual role of ferroptosis in lung cancer (Review).Oncology reports · 2025Review
- Independent validation of lung adenocarcinoma prognostic risk scores incorporating cholesterol and estrogen metabolism related transcriptional biomarkers.Scientific reports · 2025Article
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has achieved breakthroughs in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nevertheless, the low response due to immuno-cold (i.e., tumors with limited tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes) tumor microenvironment (TME) largely limits the application of ICB therapy. Based on the glycolytic/cholesterol synthesis axis, a stratification framework for EGFR-WT NSCLC was developed to summarize the metabolic features of immuno-cold and immuno-hot tumors. The cholesterol subgroup displays the worst prognosis in immuno-cold NSCLC, with significant enrichment of the cholesterol gene signature, indicating that targeting cholesterol synthesis is essential for the therapy for immuno-cold NSCLC. Statin, the inhibitor for cholesterol synthesis, can suppress the aggressiveness of NSCLC in vitro and in vivo and can also drastically reverse the phenotype of immuno-cold to an inflamed phenotype in vivo. This change led to a higher response to ICB therapy. Moreover, both our in-house data and meta-analysis further support that statin can significantly enhance ICB efficacy. In terms of preliminary mechanisms, statin could transcriptionally inhibit PD-L1 expression and induce ferroptosis in NSCLC cells. Overall, we reveal the significance of cholesterol synthesis in NSCLC and demonstrate the improved therapeutic efficacy of ICB in combination with statin. These findings could provide a clinical insight to treat NSCLC patients with immuno-cold tumors.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.