ArticleJournal of neuroinflammation2022
Macrophages in close proximity to the vitreoretinal interface are potential biomarkers of inflammation during retinal vascular disease.
Article in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring the role of oxidative stress in retinal vein occlusion: an updated and comprehensive review on the pathophysiology and treatment perspectives.International ophthalmology · 2025Pooled it
- En face OCT in branch retinal artery occlusion: quantitative assessment of epiretinal macrophage-like cells and optical intensity ratio.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- [A look at the vitreous body, not through it: anatomy, embryology and cells of the vitreous body].Die Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Tissue-resident macrophages maintain choroidal homeostasis by complement dependent and independent mechanisms.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Perivascular Macrophages Are Associated With Permissive Sites of Immune Cell Extravasation in Retinal Venules.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- EPIRETINAL MACROPHAGE-LIKE CELL ALTERATIONS FOLLOWING ANTI-VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR THERAPY IN BRANCH RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION WITH MACULAR EDEMA: A Retrospective Longitudinal Study.Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2026Article
- Vitreoretinal Myeloid Cell Heterogeneity: Diverse Roles in Homeostasis, Immune Surveillance, and Pathophysiology.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Review
- Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells in ocular degenerative disorders.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- Case Report: Cytokine storm syndrome causing retinal inflammatory factor storm.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Macrophage-Like Cell Density and Distribution in Relation to Vascular Leakage in Diabetes.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Principles of resident tissue macrophages revealed by the eye.Advances in immunology · 2026Review
- Checkpoint inhibition and beyond: Precision immune engineering for the immune-privileged landscape of ocular malignancies.BioImpacts : BI · 2026Review
- Serum Lipid Profile, Atherogenic Indices, and Systemic Inflammatory Markers in Retinal Vein Occlusion: A Retrospective Case-Control Study.Journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Macrophages in non-infectious uveitis: cell origin, disease stage, evidence provenance, and therapeutic maturity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Review
- Development of a humanized anti-fibrin monoclonal antibody for the treatment of neuroinflammatory and retinal diseases.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Hyperglycemia impairs microglia responding to retinal vasculopathy via enhanced norepinephrine-ADRB2 signaling.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Aqueous Humor Exosomal Membrane Proteins: Decoding Pathogenic Molecular Signatures in Retinitis Pigmentosa.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
- Distribution and dynamics of motile immune cells near the inner limiting membrane in the living human eye.Biomedical optics express · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDiabetic retinopathy and retinal vein occlusion are vision threatening retinal vascular diseases. Current first-line therapy targets the vascular component, but many patients are treatment-resistant due to unchecked inflammation. Non-invasive inflammatory imaging biomarkers are a significant unmet clinical need for patients. Imaging of macrophage-like cells on the surface of the retina using clinical optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an emerging field. These cells are increased in patients with retinal vascular disease, and could be a potential inflammatory biomarker. However, since OCT is limited by an axial resolution of 5-10 microns, the exact location and identity of these retinal cells is currently unknown.
methodsWe performed OCT followed by confocal immunofluorescence in wild-type mice to identify macrophages within 5-10 microns of the vitreoretinal interface. Next, we used Cx3cr1
resultsWe were able to detect IBA1
conclusionsMacrophages within close proximity to the vitreoretinal interface are self-renewing cells, and predominantly microglia with minor populations of perivascular macrophages and vitreal hyalocytes at steady state. In the context of neuroinflammation, monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages are a significant component of retinal surface macrophages. Human OCT-based imaging of retinal surface macrophages is a potential biomarker for inflammation during retinal vascular disease.
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Registered trials
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