ArticleBMC immunology2022
Blockade of exosome generation by GW4869 inhibits the education of M2 macrophages in prostate cancer.
Article in BMC immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.
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Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- GW4869 Depletes Macrophages and Increases Number of Extracellular Vesicles in Murine Peritoneal Cavity Fluid.Journal of extracellular biology · 2026Article
- Small extracellular vesicles induced by Angiotensin-(1-7) enhance cardioprotection following myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2026Article
- Lactylation modification in extracellular vesicles: A key regulator of cellular communication.iScience · 2026Review
- Exosome-mediated post-transcriptional oncogene regulation as a novel cancer therapeutic strategy.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Comparative analysis of extracellular vesicles released from resting neutrophils under distinct pharmacological inhibition.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles in the remodeling of the prostate cancer immune microenvironment and therapeutic resistance.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Tumor exosomes impact functional hallmarks of cancer.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles from canine mammary tumor cells promote macrophage M2 polarization and enhance tumor progression.Veterinary research communications · 2026Article
- A novel approach to combatMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- The avatar principle: exosomal dynamics guiding tumor adaptation and next-generation therapeutic strategies.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Mitochondrial DNA mutations and intercellular mitochondrial transfer in cancer: mechanisms, biological effects, and clinical potential.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- Controlling Biogenesis and Engineering of Exosomes to Inhibit Growth and Promote Death in Glioblastoma Multiforme.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Mitochondrial transfer in cancer: mechanisms, immune evasion, and therapeutic opportunities.Genomics & informatics · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles are key mediators for direct antigen transport to draining lymph nodes.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- Osteosarcoma as a communication-driven disease: redefining tumor-bone signaling networks as therapeutic targets.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Extracellular Vesicles in Osteosarcoma: Mechanisms, Diagnostics and Therapeutic Applications.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
- The dual roles of exosomes in prostate cancer: mechanisms in tumorigenesis and avenues for clinical translation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Challenges and caveats in manipulating extracellular vesicle secretion from pancreatic cancer cells.Cancer biology & therapy · 2025Article
- Exosomal regulation of cellular reprogramming and polarization in the tumor microenvironment.Cancer cell international · 2025Review
- Characterisation of human in vitro tumour-associated macrophage models to define translational relevance.Scientific reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTumor-associated macrophages are considered to be a major contributor affecting the development of tumors. Recently, numerous studies have shown that tumor cells were able to educate their microenvironment by delivering a significant amount of exosomes, however, the mechanism that exosomes from PCa cells work in macrophage polarization remains obscure. Therefore, we sought to determine whether blockade of exosome generation by GW4869, an inhibitor of exosome biogenesis, would impede macrophages from differentiating into M2 cells.
resultsIn this study, we first obtained exosomes from the supernatant media of PCa cells cultured with exosome-free serum using the Magcapture™ Exosome Isolation Kit PS, and then investigated their effects on macrophages. Our data confirmed that exosomes released by prostate cancer cells can induce macrophages to differentiate into M2 cells. Mechanistically speaking, exosomes exert their effects on macrophages through activating the AKT and STAT3 signaling pathways. Importantly, treatment with GW4869 significantly inhibited the release of exosomes from PCa cells, and further impaired M2 differentiation of macrophages and their pro-tumor activity. We also demonstrated that GW4869 was able to inhibit the education of M2 macrophages, and then inhibit the progression of prostate cancer in vivo.
conclusionsIn brief, our findings indicated that GW4869 impeded the PCa exosome-induced M2 differentiation of macrophages and the progression of prostate cancer, suggesting that GW4869 could play an important role in the treatment of prostate cancer metastasis as an inhibitor of tumor exosome secretion.
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