Self-potential time series reveal emergent behavior in soil organic matter dynamics.

The active cycling of carbon between soil organic matter and the atmosphere is of critical importance to global climate change. An extensive body of research exists documenting the capricious nature of soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics, which is symptomatic of an intricate network of interactions between diverse groups of heterotrophic microorganisms, complex organic substrates, and highly variable local environmental conditions. These attributes are consistent with elements of complex system theory and the temporal evolution of otherwise unpredictable patterns of behavior that emerge from long range dependency on initial conditions. Here we show that vertical depth profile of self-potential (SP) time series measurements responds in a quantitative manner to variations in soil moisture, SOM concentrations, and relative rates of microbial activity. Application of detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) of self potential time series data is shown additionally to reveal the presence of long-range dependence and emergence of anomalous electrochemical diffusion behavior, both of which diminish with depth as SOM specific energy densities decline.