ArticleJournal of psychiatric research2022
Increases in symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults during the initial phases of the COVID-19 pandemic are limited to those with less resources: Results from the Lifelines Cohort Study.
Article in Journal of psychiatric research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Simulating COVID-19 lockdowns' impact on depressive symptoms in the northern Netherlands.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Caregiver-reported profiles of child functioning for children with developmental delays and disabilities 20 months after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Productivity changes during the COVID-19 pandemic and its associated risk factors.Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health · 2025Article
- Evolution of Well-Being and Associated Factors during the COVID-19 Pandemic.Actas espanolas de psiquiatria · 2025Article
- Temporal dynamics of socioeconomic inequalities in depressive and anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Sleep Duration on Workdays Is Correlated with Subjective Workload and Subjective Impact of High Workload on Sleep in Young Healthy Adults.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Longitudinal dynamics of depression in risk groups of older individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic.Frontiers in epidemiology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic may have a differential impact on mental health based on an individual's capital, i.e. resources available to maintain and enhance health. We assessed trajectories of depression and anxiety symptoms, and their association with different elements of capital.
methodsData on 65,854 individuals (mean baseline age = 50·4 (SD = 12·0) years) from the Lifelines COVID-19 cohort were used. Baseline mental health symptoms were on average measured 4.7 (SD = 1·1) years before the first COVID-19 measurement wave, and subsequent waves were (bi)weekly (March 30─August 05, 2020). Mental health symptom trajectories were estimated using a two-part Latent Class Growth Analysis. Class membership was predicted by economic (education, income, and occupation) and person capital (neuroticism, poor health condition, and obesity)
findingsMost individuals were unlikely to report symptoms of depression (80·6%) or anxiety (75·9%), but stable-high classes were identified for both conditions (1·6% and 6·7%, respectively). The stable-high depression class saw the greatest increase in symptoms after COVID, and the stable-high anxiety class reported an increase in the probability of reporting symptoms after COVID. At the first COVID-measurement, the mean number of symptoms increased compared to baseline (depression:4·7 vs 4·1; anxiety:4·3 vs 4·2); the probability of reporting symptoms also increased (depression:0·96 vs 0·65; anxiety:0·92 vs 0·70). Membership in these classes was generally predicted by less capital, especially person capital; odds ratios for person capital ranged from 1·10-2·22 for depression and 1·08-1·51 for anxiety.
interpretationA minority of individuals, possessing less capital, reported an increase in symptoms of depression or anxiety after COVID.
fundingThis research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
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