ArticlePloS one2022
Hyperglycemia and steroid use increase the risk of rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis regardless of COVID-19 hospitalization: Case-control study, India.
Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Low Dose Radiation Therapy for COVID-19 Pneumonia: Learnings of 4 Years Since Pandemic.Clinical and translational science · 2025Pooled it
- Post-COVID-19 Jaw Osteonecrosis: A Narrative Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Clinical profile and outcome of COVID-19 associated mucormycosis in Shiraz, South Iran: a longitudinal study.Iranian journal of microbiology · 2026Article
- COVID-19-Associated Mucormycosis: Identifying Mortality Predictors in a Retrospective Cohort Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Outcomes of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis epidemic in India: A prospective 2-year follow-up study.World journal of otorhinolaryngology - head and neck surgery · 2025Article
- Impact of COVID-19 on mucormycosis presentation and laboratory values: A comparative analysis.PloS one · 2025Article
- Article
- Mucormycosis: A Rare disease to Notifiable Disease.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2024Review
- Baseline findings of a multicentric ambispective cohort study (2021-2022) among hospitalised mucormycosis patients in India.Mycology · 2024Article
- Article
- Quality of life in patients treated for COVID-19-associated mucormycosis at a tertiary care hospital.Osong public health and research perspectives · 2023Article
- Mucormycosis in a Patient with Severe COVID-19 Disease-The First Case Report in Romania and a Literature Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Review
- Multicenter Case-Control Study of COVID-19-Associated Mucormycosis Outbreak, India.Emerging infectious diseases · 2023Review
- Epidemiology, clinical presentation and treatment outcomes in patients with COVID-19 in an ambulatory setting: a cross sectional study during the massive SARS-CoV-2 wave in India.Bioinformation · 2023Article
- Virulence traits and novel drug delivery strategies for mucormycosis post-COVID-19: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Evaluation of risk factors, clinico-radiographic presentations of COVID-associated mucormycosis in the maxillofacial region reporting to a tertiary care dental facility.Journal of oral biology and craniofacial researchArticle
- COVID-19, mucormycosis, and the cow: Damned lies!Indian journal of medical microbiologyArticle
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
78 authors at 20 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, an increased incidence of ROCM was noted in India among those infected with COVID. We determined risk factors for rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) post Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among those never and ever hospitalized for COVID-19 separately through a multicentric, hospital-based, unmatched case-control study across India.
methodsWe defined cases and controls as those with and without post-COVID ROCM, respectively. We compared their socio-demographics, co-morbidities, steroid use, glycaemic status, and practices. We calculated crude and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) through logistic regression. The covariates with a p-value for crude OR of less than 0·20 were considered for the regression model.
resultsAmong hospitalised, we recruited 267 cases and 256 controls and 116 cases and 231 controls among never hospitalised. Risk factors (AOR; 95% CI) for post-COVID ROCM among the hospitalised were age 45-59 years (2·1; 1·4 to 3·1), having diabetes mellitus (4·9; 3·4 to 7·1), elevated plasma glucose (6·4; 2·4 to 17·2), steroid use (3·2; 2 to 5·2) and frequent nasal washing (4·8; 1·4 to 17). Among those never hospitalised, age ≥ 60 years (6·6; 3·3 to 13·3), having diabetes mellitus (6·7; 3·8 to 11·6), elevated plasma glucose (13·7; 2·2 to 84), steroid use (9·8; 5·8 to 16·6), and cloth facemask use (2·6; 1·5 to 4·5) were associated with increased risk of post-COVID ROCM.
conclusionsHyperglycemia, irrespective of having diabetes mellitus and steroid use, was associated with an increased risk of ROCM independent of COVID-19 hospitalisation. Rational steroid usage and glucose monitoring may reduce the risk of post-COVID.
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