SynthesisAmerican journal of epidemiology2023
Conceptualization, Operationalization, and Utilization of Race and Ethnicity in Major Epidemiology Journals, 1995-2018: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in American journal of epidemiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Systematic search and review of racial and ethnic differences in traumatic brain injury prevalence and incidence.Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention · 2026Pooled it
- The who, how and what of educational outcome research for autistic students published in the last decade: A systematic quantitative literature review.The British journal of educational psychology · 2026Pooled it
- Hazardous Environmental Pollutants and Cancer Disparities: A Systematic Review on the Consideration of Race and Ethnicity in Environmental Epidemiology Research.Current environmental health reports · 2025Pooled it
- "We adjusted for race": now what? A systematic review of utilization and reporting of race in American Journal of Epidemiology and Epidemiology, 2020-2021.Epidemiologic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Linking "Big" Geospatial and Health Data: Implications for Research in Environmental Epidemiology.Environmental health perspectives · 2026Article
- The dilemma of using racial and ethnic categories in biomedical research.BMC medical research methodology · 2026Article
- Use of WHO Growth Standards Rather Than Locally Specific Linear Growth Curves Promotes Equity in Pediatric Growth Research for Children Younger Than 5 Years.Nutrition reviews · 2026Review
- The use of race and ethnicity in air pollution epidemiology and methodological recommendations: A scoping review focusing on California.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2026Review
- Pediatric IgE mediated food allergies and ethnic group inequalities: A scoping review.The World Allergy Organization journal · 2026Review
- White by default: conceptual and methodological limits of binary white logic in global health equity research.Medicine, health care, and philosophy · 2026Article
- Disparities in access to and outcomes of minimally invasive surgery: a scoping review.Surgical endoscopy · 2026Article
- Correlates of Adverse Childhood Experiences Among Children in Non-Hispanic White, Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic Immigrant Households in the United States.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2026Article
- Transporting Results from a Trial to an External Target Population When Trial Participation Impacts Adherence.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Anchoring race: improving the construction of race dimensions in word embeddings.Journal of computational social science · 2026Article
- Contemporary Area-Level Mortgage Loan Denial Risk and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Cancer Survivors.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- Racial and ethnic representation in concussion research: a call for methodological and analytical reform.International journal for equity in health · 2025Article
- Nonrandom Missingness in Child Race and Ethnicity Records and the US Federal Data Standards: Pooled Analysis of Community-Based Child Health Studies.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2025Article
- Reflecting on power: the inadequacies of small sample size technique through the lens of Indigenous health.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Differences in Lyme Disease Diagnosis among Medicaid and Medicare Beneficiaries, United States, 2016-2021.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Identifying Geographic Cold Spots of PCOS Diagnosis in Texas: A Spatial Analysis of Underdiagnosis and Rural Disparities.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2025Article
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Despite repeated calls by scholars to critically engage with the concepts of race and ethnicity in US epidemiologic research, the incorporation of these social constructs in scholarship may be suboptimal. This study characterizes the conceptualization, operationalization, and utilization of race and ethnicity in US research published in leading journals whose publications shape discourse and norms around race, ethnicity, and health within the field of epidemiology. We systematically reviewed randomly selected articles from prominent epidemiology journals across 5 periods: 1995-1999, 2000-2004, 2005-2009, 2010-2014, and 2015-2018. All original human-subjects research conducted in the United States was eligible for review. Information on definitions, measurement, coding, and use in analysis was extracted. We reviewed 1,050 articles, including 414 (39%) in our analyses. Four studies explicitly defined race and/or ethnicity. Authors rarely made clear delineations between race and ethnicity, often adopting an ethnoracial construct. In the majority of studies across time periods, authors did not state how race and/or ethnicity was measured. Top coding schemes included "Black, White" (race), "Hispanic, non-Hispanic" (ethnicity), and "Black, White, Hispanic" (ethnoracial). Most often, race and ethnicity were deemed "not of interest" in analyses (e.g., control variables). Broadly, disciplinary practices have remained largely the same between 1995 and 2018 and are in need of improvement.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.