ReviewJournal of Parkinson's disease2022
B Lymphocytes in Parkinson's Disease.
Review in Journal of Parkinson's disease, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Aberrations in peripheral B lymphocytes and B lymphocyte subsets levels in Parkinson disease: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Mendelian randomization analysis reveals causal links between specific immune cell phenotypes and Parkinson's disease.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2026Article
- Ferroptosis-Based Peripheral Immune Dysregulation and Diagnostic Signatures in Parkinson's Disease: An RNA Transcriptomic and Single-Cell Immune Sequencing Analysis.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Article
- Neurodegenerative diseases and immune system: From pathogenic mechanism to therapy.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Genetically predicted CXCL16 expression is associated with Parkinson's disease risk and peripheral immune cell dysregulation: a two-sample mendelian randomization study.Molecular brain · 2026Article
- Peripheral Immunological Signatures of Parkinsonism: Insights from the Caribbean vs. North America.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Adaptive immunity in the pathogenesis and treatments of Parkinson's disease.NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Review
- Skull bone marrow and skull meninges channels: redefining the landscape of central nervous system immune surveillance.Cell death & disease · 2025Review
- Immune Cell Distributions in the Blood of Healthy Individuals at High Genetic Risk of Parkinson's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- The immune system in Parkinson's disease: what we know so far.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2024Review
- Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis for Revealing CBL is a Potential Diagnosing Biomarker and Related Immune Infiltration in Parkinson's Disease.International journal of general medicine · 2024Article
- The Interplay between α-Synuclein and Microglia in α-Synucleinopathies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The characteristics and alteration of peripheral immune function in patients with multiple system atrophy.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Intruders or protectors - the multifaceted role of B cells in CNS disorders.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
It is well known that B lymphocytes differentiate into plasma cells that produce antibodies. B cells also perform a number of less well-known roles including antigen presentation, regulation of T cells and innate immune cells, cytokine production, and maintenance of subcapsular sinus macrophages. Given that there is clear evidence of inflammation in Parkinson's disease (PD) both in the central nervous system and in the periphery, it is almost certain that B lymphocytes are involved. This involvement is likely to be complicated given the variety of roles B cells play via a number of distinct subsets. They have received less attention to date than their counterparts, T cells, and monocytes. B lymphocytes are decreased in PD overall with some limited evidence that this may be driven by a decrease in regulatory subsets. There is also evidence that regulatory B cells are protective in PD. There is evidence for a role played by antibodies to alpha-synuclein in PD with a possible increase in early disease. There are many exciting potential future avenues for further exploration of the role of B lymphocytes including improving our understanding of the role of meningeal and calvarial (skull bone marrow) based B cells in health and disease, the use of larger, well phenotyped clinical cohorts to understand changes in peripheral and cerebrospinal fluid B cells over time and the potential application of B cell targeted therapies in PD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.