ArticleMolecular systems biology2022
Dynamics of thyroid diseases and thyroid-axis gland masses.
Article in Molecular systems biology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Quantification of beta-cell carrying capacity in prediabetes.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Unilateral Lower Limb Edema as an Atypical Presentation of Thyrotoxicosis: A Case Report.Cureus · 2026Article
- Signal Amplification in the HPT Axis-Evidence for Its Existence, Location, Significance, and Molecular Mechanisms.Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) · 2026Review
- A minimal mathematical model of red blood cell homeostasis in anemia.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Unifying regulatory motifs in endocrine circuits.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Exposure profiles to Benzophenones and their impacts on thyroid hormones in pregnant women.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Article
- Pregnancy and postpartum dynamics revealed by millions of lab tests.Science advances · 2025Article
- Endotyping Insulin-Glucose Homeostasis in Hidradenitis Suppurativa: The Impact of Diabetes Mellitus and Inflammation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Usefulness of SPINA model in evaluation of the thyroid function in euthyroid pediatric patients children with subclinical hypothyroidism.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
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- Major depressive disorder and bistability in an HPA-CNS toggle switch.PLoS computational biology · 2023Article
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- Stress-Mediated Abnormalities in Regional Myocardial Wall Motion in Young Women with a History of Psychological Trauma.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- Dynamics of thyroid diseases and thyroid-axis gland masses.Molecular systems biology · 2022Article
- Benign thyroid nodules respond to a single administration of 0.3mg recombinant human thyrotropin with highly variable volume increase.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Thyroid disorders are common and often require lifelong hormone replacement. Treating thyroid disorders involves a fascinating and troublesome delay, in which it takes many weeks for serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration to normalize after thyroid hormones return to normal. This delay challenges attempts to stabilize thyroid hormones in millions of patients. Despite its importance, the physiological mechanism for the delay is unclear. Here, we present data on hormone delays from Israeli medical records spanning 46 million life-years and develop a mathematical model for dynamic compensation in the thyroid axis, which explains the delays. The delays are due to a feedback mechanism in which peripheral thyroid hormones and TSH control the growth of the thyroid and pituitary glands; enlarged or atrophied glands take many weeks to recover upon treatment due to the slow turnover of the tissues. The model explains why thyroid disorders such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease have both subclinical and clinical states and explains the complex inverse relation between TSH and thyroid hormones. The present model may guide approaches to dynamically adjust the treatment of thyroid disorders.
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