ArticleAffective science2022
The 3d Mind Model characterizes how people understand mental states across modern and historical cultures.
Article in Affective science, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Finding agreement: Functional magnetic resonance imaging hyperscanning reveals that mental state space exploration facilitates opinion alignment.Journal of personality and social psychology · 2026Article
- Starting from scratch: Ziermans et al. commentary.Schizophrenia research. Cognition · 2026Article
- The construction of emotional meaning in language.Communications psychology · 2025Review
- The conceptual structure of human relationships across modern and historical cultures.Nature human behaviour · 2025Article
- Self-views converge during enjoyable conversations.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- The Emergence of Organized Emotion Dynamics in Childhood.Affective science · 2024Article
- Transition dynamics shape mental state concepts.Journal of experimental psychology. General · 2023Article
- Advancing Naturalistic Affective Science with Deep Learning.Affective science · 2023Review
- Envisioning motherhood: Mental-state language in caregiving narratives across the perinatal period.Infant mental health journal · 2023Article
- Discovering the structure and organization of a free Cantonese emotion-label word association graph to understand mental lexicons of emotions.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- The representational structure of mental states generalizes across target people and stimulus modalities.NeuroImage · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Humans rely on social interaction to achieve many important goals. These interactions rely in turn on people's capacity to understand others' mental states: their thoughts and feelings. Do different cultures understand minds in different ways, or do widely shared principles describe how different cultures understand mental states? Extensive data suggest that the mind organizes mental state concepts using the 3d Mind Model, composed of the psychological dimensions: rationality (vs. emotionality), social impact (states which affect others more vs. less), and valence (positive vs. negative states). However, this evidence comes primarily from English-speaking individuals in the United States. Here we investigated mental state representation in 57 contemporary countries, using 163 million English language tweets; in 17 languages, using billions of words of text from internet webpages; and across more than 2000 years of history, using curated texts from four historical societies. We quantified mental state meaning by analyzing the text produced by each culture using word embeddings. We then tested whether the 3d Mind Model could explain which mental states were similar in meaning within each culture. We found that the 3d Mind Model significantly explained mental state meaning in every country, language, and historical society that we examined. These results suggest that rationality, social impact, and valence form a generalizable conceptual backbone for mental state representation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.