ArticleAdvanced nanobiomed research2022
Lipid Membrane-Based Antigen Presentation to B Cells Using a Fully Synthetic Ex Vivo Germinal Center Model.
Article in Advanced nanobiomed research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Enhanced Human Antigen-Specific B Cell Responses Using In Vitro 3D Tonsil Cultures Containing Stromal Cells.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Advances in Human and Animal Germinal Center Models In Vitro: New Approaches to Studying Immune Responses.BioMed research international · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
High-affinity antigen-specific B cells are generated within specialized structures, germinal centers (GCs), inside lymphoid organs. In GCs, follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) present antigens on their membrane surface to cognate B cells, inducing rapid proliferation and differentiation of the B cells toward antibody-secreting cells. The FDC's fluid membrane surface allows B cells to "pull" the antigens into clusters and internalize them, a process that frequently involves tearing off and internalizing FDC membrane fragments. To study this process ex vivo, liposomal membranes are used as the antigen-presenting FDC-like fluid lipid surface to activate B cells. In a fully synthetic in vitro GC model (sGC), which uses the microbead-based presentation of the CD40 Ligand and a cytokine cocktail to mimic T follicular helper cell signals to B cells, liposomes presenting a model antigen mimic effectively engage B cell receptors (BCRs) and induce greater BCR clustering compared to soluble antigens, resulting in rapid antigen internalization and proliferation of the B cells. B cells showed GC-like reactions and undergo efficient IgG1 class-switching. Taken together, the results suggest that fluid membrane-bound antigen induces a strong GC response and provides a novel synthetic in vitro system for studying GC biology in health and diseases, and for expanding therapeutic B cells ex vivo.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.