ArticleOncoimmunology2022
Schweinfurthin induces ICD without ER stress and caspase activation.
Article in Oncoimmunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metal-based immunogenic cell death inducers for cancer immunotherapy.Chemical science · 2025Review
- Triptolide induces immunogenic cell death in cervical cancer cells via ER stress and redox modulation.American journal of cancer research · 2025Article
- CX3CL1 release during immunogenic apoptosis is associated with enhanced anti-tumour immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Stimulators of immunogenic cell death for cancer therapy: focusing on natural compounds.Cancer cell international · 2023Review
- Immunogenic cell death in cancer: concept and therapeutic implications.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Our previous study showed that one of the schweinfurthin compounds, 5'-methoxyschweinfurthin G (MeSG), not only enhances the anti-tumor effect of anti-PD1 antibody in the B16F10 murine melanoma model, but also provokes durable, protective anti-tumor immunity. Here we further investigated the mechanisms by which MeSG treatment induces immunogenic cell death (ICD). MeSG induced significant cell surface calreticulin (CRT) exposure in a time and concentration dependent manner as well as increased phagocytosis of tumor cells by dendritic cells in vitro. Interestingly, this CRT exposure differs from the canonical pathway in several aspects. MeSG does not cause ER stress and does not require PERK to induce CRT exposure. Caspase inhibitors partially rescue cells from MeSG-induced apoptosis, but fail to reduce CRT exposure. MeSG does not cause ERp57 exposure and the absence of ERp57 expression does not reduce CRT exposure. Finally, an intact ER to Golgi transport system is required for this phenomenon. These results lend support to the development of the schweinfurthin family as drugs to enhance clinical response to immunotherapy and highlight the need for additional research on the mechanisms of ICD induction.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.