Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35936941›Full record

ArticleHardwareX2022

Open-source controller for low-cost and high-speed atomic force microscopy imaging of skin corneocyte nanotextures.

Hsien-Shun Liao, Imtisal Akhtar, Christian Werner, Roman Slipets, Jorge Pereda, Jen-Hung Wang, Ellen Raun, Laura Olga Nørgaard, Frederikke Elisabet Dons, Edwin En Te Hwu

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in HardwareX, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
2.0field-weighted citation impact, top 14% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Computational metrology for materials.Journal of materials research · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.

Hsien-Shun LiaoDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Imtisal AkhtarThe Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
Christian WernerPhysikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
Roman SlipetsThe Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
Jorge PeredaThe Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
Jen-Hung WangDepartment of Mechatronics and Robotics, Technical University of Munich, Germany.
Ellen RaunThe Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
Laura Olga NørgaardThe Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
Frederikke Elisabet DonsThe Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
Edwin En Te HwuThe Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
The Velux Foundations · DKDanish National Research Foundation · DKTechnical University of Denmark · DKNational Taiwan University · TWPhysikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt · DETechnical University of Munich · DE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

High-speed atomic force microscopes (HS-AFMs) with high temporal resolution enable dynamic phenomena to be visualized at nanoscale resolution. However, HS-AFMs are more complex and costlier than conventional AFMs, and particulars of an open-source HS-AFM controller have not been published before. These high entry barriers hinder the popularization of HS-AFMs in both academic and industrial applications. In addition, HS-AFMs generally have a small imaging area that limits the fields of implementation. This study presents an open-source controller that enables a low-cost simplified AFM to achieve a maximum tip-sample velocity of 5,093 µm/s (9.3 s/frame, 512 × 512 pixels), which is nearly 100 times higher than that of the original controller. Moreover, the proposed controller doubles the imaging area to 46.3 × 46.3 µm

Indexed as

AFM, atomic force microscopeAVT, anti-vibration tableCorneocyteFES, focus error signalFPGA, field-programmable gate arrayHigh-speed atomic force microscopyHS-AFM, high-speed atomic force microscopeNanotextureOPU, optical pick-up unitPC, personal computerRIBM, Research Institute of Biomolecule MetrologySinusoidal scanningSkin barrier functionVCM, voice coil motor

Identifiers

PMID35936941
PMCPMC9352456
OpenAlexW4287843540

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.