ArticleAEM education and training2022
Growth of for-profit involvement in emergency medicine graduate medical education and association between for-profit affiliation and resident salary.
Article in AEM education and training, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Impact of Medical Trainees on Efficiency and Productivity in the Emergency Department: Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis.The western journal of emergency medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Changes in the Growth Rate for Emergency Medicine Residency Training Positions From 2011 to 2025.AEM education and training · 2025Article
- Five-Year Trends in Emergency Medicine Match Results and Future Outlook.The western journal of emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Perceptions of the current and future emergency medicine workforce.Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open · 2024Article
- Estimating the size and scope of the academic emergency physician workforce.Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine · 2024Article
- Training Primary Care Physicians in For-Profit, Value-Based Care Clinics.Journal of general internal medicine · 2024Article
- The 2023 emergency medicine match: Alarming symptom of a health care system in crisis.AEM education and training · 2024Article
- Challenges surrounding the emergency physician workforce and their impact on the Emergency Medicine Match.Clinical and experimental emergency medicine · 2023Article
- Unfilled in emergency medicine: An analysis of the 2022 and 2023 Match by program accreditation, ownership, and geography.AEM education and training · 2023Article
- Membership in the Council of Teaching Hospitals and Health Systems Among Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Sponsoring Institutions, 2001-2020.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Growth of for-profit involvement in emergency medicine graduate medical education and association between for-profit affiliation and resident salary.AEM education and training · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Following projections of an emergency medicine (EM) physician oversupply, the growth of EM residency programs affiliated with for-profit hospitals has been subject to increased attention and speculation. However, essentially no literature exists regarding these programs. Resident pay is one area where these programs could differ from nonprofit-affiliated programs, as investor obligations could make for-profit corporations more likely to reduce resident salaries to increase profit margins. Here, we aim to quantify the growth of EM for-profit affiliated residency programs from 2001-2021 and determine if PGY1 salaries differ between these program types. Methods: Medicare and ACGME accreditation data were used to determine the profit status of hospitals affiliated with EM residency programs. ACGME new accreditation data from 2001-2021 were used to quantify the growth of both for-profit and nonprofit affiliated programs over this period. We searched program websites and called programs to determine 2021-2022 PGY1 salary. Multiple regression was used to model the relationship between profit status and salary using program characteristic covariates to control for confounding variables. Results: The number of EM programs increased from 117 to 276 from 2001-2021 while the number of for-profit affiliated EM residency programs increased from 1 to 29 during this period. Most (85.7%, [24/29]) for-profit affiliated programs were accredited from 2016-2021. Mean for-profit affiliated program salary ($55,658, Conclusions: We found a substantial growth of newly ACGME accredited for-profit affiliated EM residency programs from 2016-2021. We also found for-profit affiliated programs pay lower PGY1 salaries than nonprofit-affiliated programs after controlling for potential confounding variables, which suggests more oversight over the salary determination process could be necessary to prevent resident underpayment.
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