ArticleFrontiers in immunology2022
Intramuscular Inoculation of AS02-Adjuvanted Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) F Subunit Vaccine Shows Better Efficiency and Safety Than Subcutaneous Inoculation in BALB/c Mice.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunogenicity of a Recombinant MVA Vector Vaccine Expressing the Prefusion RSV F Protein in Balb/c Mice.Vaccines · 2026Article
- CD25 modulation enhances broadly neutralizing antibody response of SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Design and mechanistic insights into ZMF59/CpG: a complementary adjuvant system boosting immunity and safety in herpes zoster vaccines.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
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- Dual-Function Adjuvant Cyclosporin A: Enhancing RSV-Specific Humoral Immunity via Treg-Driven B-Cell Activation.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Design of a Multi-Epitope Vaccine Based onInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Novel adjuvant delivery system constructed by alum-emulsion hybrid nanoparticles with TLR9 agonists boosts vaccine immunity.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
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- The recent advances in vaccine adjuvants.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- A bivalent mRNA vaccine against RSV infection in rodent models.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
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- Conserved molecular chaperone PrsA stimulates protective immunity against group A Streptococcus.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Research progress on emulsion vaccine adjuvants.Heliyon · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We previously explored a panel of adjuvants formulated with pre-fusion RSV-F protein and found that AS02 may be a promising candidate adjuvant for developing RSV-F subunit vaccines with improved immunogenicity and desired immune response type. In this study, we performed a head-to-head comparison of the effect of intramuscular injection to that of subcutaneous injection on the immune response and protective efficacy of recombinant RSV-F subunit vaccine with or without adjuvants (Alhydrogel, squalene-based emulsion adjuvants MF59, AS03, and AS02) in BALB/c mice. After inoculations, antigen-specific antibodies, neutralizing antibodies, antibody subtypes, cytokines, and the persistence of immune response were evaluated. Moreover, challenge tests were also performed to illustrate the possible effect of inoculation routes and adjuvant on virus clearance and histochemistry changes in the lungs of mice. The results indicated that intramuscular inoculation is a more effective and antigen dose-sparing route to enhance the immune response, although subcutaneous inoculation induced faster and stronger IgG antibodies after the initial immunization. Furthermore, adjuvant, but not immunization route, is a more critical factor to affect the humoral/cellular immune response and the immune bias. In addition, adjuvant inoculated
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