ArticleFrontiers in immunology2022
Conjunctival Intraepithelial Lymphocytes, Lacrimal Cytokines and Ocular Commensal Microbiota: Analysis of the Three Main Players in Allergic Conjunctivitis.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- From Health to Disease: A Comprehensive Review of Ocular Surface Microbiota and Detection Methods in Dry Eye.Current microbiology · 2026Review
- Biologic therapy is associated with reduced ocular disease in psoriasis: a real-world study.Eye (London, England) · 2026Article
- Tear cytokine profiles between children with allergic conjunctivitis at varying eye rubbing frequencies and keratoconus: A cross-sectional study.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Ocular Allergy Within the Framework of the EAACI Nomenclature of Allergic Diseases and Hypersensitivity Reactions.Allergy, asthma & immunology research · 2026Review
- Pathophysiological and molecular insights into allergic conjunctivitis: an expanding analysis of immunological endotypes.Frontiers in allergy · 2026Review
- A mouse model of allergic conjunctivitis with mucosal immune-related gene and circRNA dysregulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The role of substance P in Th17/Treg imbalance and ocular surface damage in chronic allergic conjunctivitis.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Where eye meets body part 1: uniting allergy pathways in ocular and nasal disease - IgE on the offense.Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology · 2025Review
- Decoding Allergic Conjunctivitis: Latest Perspectives on Etiological Drivers and Immunopathological Mechanisms.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- The Ocular Surface Microbiome in Homeostasis and Dysbiosis.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Tear IgE point-of-care testing for differentiating type I and type IV allergic conjunctivitis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Sequencing the ocular surface microbiome: a review of methodological practices and considerations.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Redefining our vision: an updated guide to the ocular immune system.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024Review
- Cytokines in Allergic Conjunctivitis: Unraveling Their Pathophysiological Roles.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Functions of mucosal associated invariant T cells in eye diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Tear Fluid Inflammatory Proteome Analysis Highlights Similarities Between Keratoconus and Allergic Conjunctivitis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Subconjunctival injection of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells alleviates experimental allergic conjunctivitis via regulating T cell response.Stem cell research & therapy · 2023Article
- The efficacy of an irrigating eyelid retractor-facilitated ocular rinse on MMP-9 expression and dry eye disease.Advances in ophthalmology practice and researchArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Conjunctival intraepithelial lymphocytes, tear soluble molecules and commensal microbiota have important roles in the ocular mucosal immune response in healthy and diseased subjects. For the purpose of this study, the cellular and microbial populations of the conjunctiva and the lacrimal soluble molecules were analyzed to find the main biomarkers in allergic conjunctivitis. A total of 35 healthy subjects, 28 subjects with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis and 32 subjects with perennial allergic conjunctivitis were recruited to obtain peripheral blood, conjunctival brush cytology, tear fluid and microbiota samples. Flow cytometry for lymphocytes, multiplex bead assays for cytokines and high-throughput DNA sequencing for microbiome analysis were used. For perennial allergic conjunctivitis, an increased proportion of Th2 and NKT lymphocytes was found, while CD3+TCRγδ+ lymphocytes and double negative MAIT cells were decreased. In contrast, seasonal allergic conjunctivitis was distinguished by an increase in Th17 and Th22 cell proportions, while the Th1 cell proportion decreased. Among tear fluid, the vast majority of pro-inflammatory cytokines (especially Th2 and Th17 cytokines) in perennial allergies and MMP-9 together with IgA in seasonal allergies were increased. In contrast, TGF-β2 was decreased in both forms of conjunctivitis. Finally, fungal (
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Registered trials
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