ReviewFrontiers in medicine2022
What is the impact of sex hormones on the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis?
Review in Frontiers in medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Menopause status and its role in incident Alzheimer's disease and related dementias, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease severity, and overall mortality in women with RA.Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism · 2026Article
- Rheumatoid arthritis burden in 129 low- and middle-income countries from 1990 to 2023.iScience · 2026Article
- Associations between Dietary Selenium Intake and Risk of Incident Arthritis: Based on UK Biobank WebQ Assessment (2009-2012).Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Article
- Sex matters: mechanistic insights into sex-driven patterns of autoimmunity and implications for pharmacotherapy.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Moringa as a Functional Food for Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Scoping Review of Evidence.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Sex differences in disease severity and immune responses in murine and human inflammatory arthritis.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Hormonal risk factors and androgen and glucocorticoid dysregulation in Sjogren's disease and non-Sjogren's sicca.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Plasma metabolomic signatures of air pollution and rheumatoid arthritis risk.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Acute cardiovascular events during the peripartum period: pregnancy and delivery outcomes in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases-an analysis of the National Inpatient Sample.Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center) · 2026Article
- Estrogen and progesterone-mediated differential modulation of CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Role of IL-32 in RA pathology and potential as a drug target.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Development and validation of a nomogram predicting osteoporosis risk in rheumatoid arthritis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Categorization of rheumatoid arthritis into mild, moderate, and severe conditions to discriminate specificity and sensitivity of routine diagnostic serum biomarkers.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Article
- Genetic and Functional Characterization of STAT4 in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients with Distinct Disease Activity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Association ofPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The impact of fasting and caloric restriction on rheumatoid arthritis in humans: A narrative review.Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2025Review
- Therapeutic Effects of Two Different Molecular Weights of Orally Administered Hyaluronan, Both as Monotherapy and in Combination with Methotrexate in a Rat Model of Arthritis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- International overview on juvenile-, adult- and elderly-onset rheumatoid arthritis: The age at disease onset as a fundamental determinant of clinical presentation.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Article
- Exploring Anticitrullinated Antibodies (ACPAs) and Serum-Derived Exosomes Cargoes.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common inflammatory rheumatic disease and has a female predominance of around 3:1. The relationship between sex hormones and RA has been of great interest to researchers ever since Philip Hench's observations in the 1930's regarding spontaneous disease amelioration in pregnancy. Extensive basic scientific work has demonstrated the immunomodulatory actions of sex hormones but this therapeutic potential has not to date resulted in successful clinical trials in RA. Epidemiological data regarding both endogenous and exogenous hormonal factors are inconsistent, but declining estrogen and/or progesterone levels in the menopause and post-partum appear to increase the risk and severity of RA. This review assimilates basic scientific, epidemiological and clinical trial data to provide an overview of the current understanding of the relationship between sex hormones and RA, focusing on estrogen, progesterone and androgens.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.