The long-term outcomes of preterm infants receiving non-invasive high-frequency oscillatory ventilation.

Objective: To investigate the clinical outcomes of preterm infants who received non-invasive high-frequency oscillatory ventilation following extubation in a neonatal intensive care unit. Methods: Infants born between 25 and 34 weeks of gestation with a birth weight of <1,500 g, who were admitted into the neonatal intensive care unit of Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China, requiring mechanical ventilation on admission were randomized to the non-invasive high-frequency ventilation group, nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation group, or nasal continuous positive airway pressure group following extubation. Their respiratory and neurodevelopmental outcomes were assessed at 12 and 24 months of corrected age. Results: Among 149 preterm infants who underwent randomization, 139 completed their treatment in the neonatal intensive care unit (45, 47, 47 in the non-invasive high-frequency ventilation group, nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation group, or nasal continuous positive airway pressure group, respectively), 113 were assessed at 12-month corrected age, and 110 of 113 were assessed again at 24-month corrected age. There were no differences in the number of times bronchitis, pneumonia, wheezing episodes, and re-hospitalization rates appeared due to respiratory diseases among the three groups ( Conclusion: As post-extubation respiratory support in preterm infants, non-invasive high-frequency ventilation did not increase the rates of long-term respiratory morbidities and neurodevelopmental impairment compared with nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation and nasal continuous positive airway pressure.