ReviewCureus2022
Reliability and Validity of Non-radiographic Methods of Forward Head Posture Measurement: A Systematic Review.
Review in Cureus, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06571253 (The Comparison of the Efficacy of Online Exercise Prescriptions Delivered Via the Fiziu Digital Physiotherapy Platform and Conventional Paper-Based Exercises in Individuals with Forward Head Posture), which is not on this map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Comparison of the Efficacy of Online Exercise Prescriptions Delivered Via the Fiziu Digital Physiotherapy Platform and Conventional Paper-Based Exercises in Individuals with Forward Head Posture
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Photogrammetry-based smartphone applications for spinal posture assessment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Reliability of the Biomechanical Assessment of the Sagittal Thoracic Spine on Radiographs Used in Clinical Practice: A Systematic Literature Review.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The Reliability of Biomechanical Mensuration Methods of the Sagittal Cervical Spine in Radiography Used in Clinical Practice: A Systematic Review of the Literature.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Neck musculoskeletal dysfunction in patients with chronic primary headaches.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Article
- Corrective exercises strongly improve posture but fail to produce consistent clinical or functional benefits in patients with upper crossed syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2026Review
- Intra- and inter-rater reliability of goniometric head posture measurement in patients with neck pain and hamstring tightness.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Article
- The validity and reliability of a real-time AI-based neck exercise program among young adults in Thailand: evaluation of accuracy and execution time.Frontiers in artificial intelligence · 2026Article
- The Effectiveness of an Exercise Program Based on Motor Learning Principles for the Correction of the Forward Head Posture: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Reliability of photogrammetric evaluation of the craniovertebral angle, swayback posture, and knee hyperextension in university students.Journal of physical therapy science · 2025Article
- Article
- Prevalence of Text Neck Between Different Female Students at Taibah University, Saudi Arabia; Cross Section Design.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Cognitive Load and Dual-Task Performance in Individuals with and without Forward Head Posture.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Two Methods of Forward Head Posture Assessment: Radiography vs. Posture and Their Clinical Comparison.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Investigation of muscle activation during kinetic chain based exercises in individuals with and without forward head posture.Journal of back and musculoskeletal rehabilitation · 2024Article
- The Correlation between Neck Pain and Disability, Forward Head Posture, and Hyperkyphosis with Opium Smoking: A Cross-Sectional Study from Iran.Brain sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Forward head posture measurement can be conducted using various methods and instruments. The selection of the appropriate method requires the factors of validity and reliability to be considered. This systematic review reports on the reliability and validity of the non-radiographic methods examined for measuring forward head posture. The review identified relevant studies following a systematic search of electronic databases. The studies were assessed for quality by two independent reviewers using a critical appraisal tool. The studies' data were extracted and assessed, and the results were synthesized qualitatively using a level of evidence approach. Twenty-one studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. Both reliability and validity were investigated for five studies, whereas reliability only was investigated for 17 studies. In total, 11 methods of forward head posture measurement were evaluated in the retrieved studies. The validity of the methods ranged from low to very high. The reliability of the methods ranged from moderate to excellent. The strongest levels of evidence for reliability support the use of classic photogrammetry. For validity, the evidence is not conclusive. Further studies are required to strengthen the level of evidence on the reliability and validity of the remaining methods. It is recommended that this point be addressed in future research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.