ArticleVaccine2022
Response to mRNA COVID-19 vaccination in three XLA patients.
Article in Vaccine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pre-vaccination immune signatures of children with inborn errors of immunity associate with COVID-19 vaccine response.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Human genetics of responses to vaccines.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2025Review
- The immunological impact of revaccination in a hybrid-immune world.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- COVID-19 vaccine updates for people under different conditions.Science China. Life sciences · 2024Review
- An Overview of the Strategies to Boost SARS-CoV-2-Specific Immunity in People with Inborn Errors of Immunity.Vaccines · 2024Review
- SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine-Elicited Immunity after B Cell Depletion in Multiple Sclerosis.ImmunoHorizons · 2024Article
- Monoclonal Antibodies for COVID-19 in X-linked Agammaglobulinemia: a Case Series.Journal of clinical immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is an inborn error of immunity characterized by insufficient production of immunoglobulins and lack of measurable antibody response to vaccines. The rise of novel infections limits the protective effect of immunoglobulin replacement in immunodeficient patients though. While XLA patients are not expected to mount an antibody response to COVID-19 vaccination, it has been demonstrated that XLA patients can mount a T-cell response to COVID-19 vaccines, similar to the influenza vaccine. We present three patients with XLA who received an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. One patient demonstrated positive antibody response. Many XLA patients do not receive routine vaccinations due to ongoing immunoglobulin replacement therapy and lack of native antibody production, but in addition to T-cell response to vaccination, select XLA patients may mount a positive antibody response. Therefore, COVID-19 vaccination should be encouraged for all XLA patients.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.