ArticleParasites & vectors2022
The association between Toxoplasma infection and mortality: the NHANES epidemiologic follow-up study.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations of common infections with frailty and mortality in two UK cohort studies.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Article
- Serological and Molecular Detection of Toxoplasma gondii Among Slaughtered Domestic Ruminants in Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia.Veterinary medicine and science · 2025Article
- Age and ocular toxoplasmosis: a narrative review.FEMS microbes · 2025Review
- Review
- Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors ofBiomedicines · 2024Article
- The emerging role ofFrontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Recent Advances in the Development of Adenovirus-Vectored Vaccines for Parasitic Infections.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundToxoplasma gondii has been reported to be associated with higher mortality in patients with schizophrenia. This study aimed to explore the relationship between T. gondii infection and 25-year mortality based on data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) database.
methodsCases with serum T. gondii antibody test results were included in this study and the corresponding mortality dataset was obtained from the US National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to match age and sex between groups. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the effect of T. gondii infection on mortality.
resultsA total of 14,181 cases were included in the analysis, of which 3831 (27.0%) were seropositive for T. gondii antibody. The median follow-up time of the whole cohort was 22.5 (interquartile range 16.3, 24.5) years. A total of 5082 deaths were observed in this cohort, a mortality rate of 35.8%. All-cause mortality was significantly higher in the seropositive group than in the seronegative group (50.0% vs 30.6%, P < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a significant difference in the survival time between two groups before and after PSM. Multivariate analysis showed that T. gondii infection was independently associated with higher all-cause mortality after adjusting for potential confounders.
conclusionsToxoplasma gondii infection is associated with higher mortality in general population.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.