ArticleTropical medicine and health2022
Outbreak of cutaneous anthrax associated with handling meat of dead cows in Southwestern Uganda, May 2018.
Article in Tropical medicine and health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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9 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Anthrax outbreak associated with the consumption and handling of carcasses of livestock that suddenly died, Kanungu District, Uganda, June-November 2024.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Occupational Exposure and Economic Inequity Along a Game Meat Trade Network in Cross River State, Nigeria.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Awareness of anthrax disease and the knowledge of its transmission and symtoms identification: A cross sectional study among butchers in ile-ife.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Anthrax outbreak linked to consumption and handling of meat from unexpectedly deceased cattle, Kyotera district, Uganda, June-December 2023.One health outlook · 2025Article
- Identification of Anthrax as the Cause of a Cluster of Unexplained Deaths, Uganda, 2023: The Role of Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing and Postmortem Specimens.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Article
- Anthrax Outbreaks in Kyotera District, Uganda: Implications for Public Health Emergency Preparedness.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Time to control of anthrax outbreaks in Africa, 2014-2023: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Cutaneous anthrax outbreak associated with use of cattle hides and handling carcasses, Amudat District, Uganda, 2023-2024.PloS one · 2025Article
- Are we ready for the next anthrax outbreak? Lessons from a simulation exercise in a rural-based district in Uganda.Epidemiology and infection · 2024Article
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19 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
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Abstract
backgroundAnthrax is a zoonotic infection caused by the bacteria Bacillus anthracis. Humans acquire cutaneous infection through contact with infected animals or animal products. On May 6, 2018, three cows suddenly died on a farm in Kiruhura District. Shortly afterwards, a sub-county chief in Kiruhura District received reports of humans with suspected cutaneous anthrax in the same district. The patients had reportedly participated in the butchery and consumption of meat from the dead cows. We investigated to determine the magnitude of the outbreak, identify exposures associated with illness, and suggest evidence-based control measures.
methodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study among persons whose households received any of the cow meat. We defined a suspected human cutaneous anthrax case as new skin lesions (e.g., papule, vesicle, or eschar) in a resident of Kiruhura District from 1 to 26 May 2018. A confirmed case was a suspected case with a lesion testing positive for B. anthracis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We identified cases through medical record review at Engari Health Centre and active case finding in the community.
resultsOf the 95 persons in the cohort, 22 were case-patients (2 confirmed and 20 suspected, 0 fatal cases) and 73 were non-case household members. The epidemic curve indicated multiple point-source exposures starting on May 6, when the dead cows were butchered. Among households receiving cow meat, participating in slaughtering (RR = 5.3, 95% CI 3.2-8.3), skinning (RR = 4.7, 95% CI = 3.1-7.0), cleaning waste (RR = 4.5, 95% CI = 3.1-6.6), and carrying meat (RR = 3.9, 95% CI = 2.2-7.1) increased the risk of infection.
conclusionsThis cutaneous anthrax outbreak was caused by handling infected animal carcasses. We suggested to the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries to strengthen surveillance for possible veterinary anthrax and ensure that communities do not consume carcasses of livestock that died suddenly. We also suggested that the Ministry of Health equip health facilities with first-line antibiotics for community members during outbreaks.
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