ArticleBiological psychiatry2023
Investigating Direct and Indirect Genetic Effects in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Using Parent-Offspring Trios.
Article in Biological psychiatry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- The contribution of common and rare genetic variation to emotional and behavioural symptoms in childhood and adolescence.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Indirect genetic effects of siblings.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2026Article
- Multivariate maternal effects across the internalizing-externalizing spectrum in childhood: results from the Norwegian mother, father, and child cohort study.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2026Article
- Polygenic scores in psychiatric research and clinical practice.Medizinische Genetik : Mitteilungsblatt des Berufsverbandes Medizinische Genetik e.V · 2026Article
- A genomic study of trichotillomania and excoriation disorder in families.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- [Association analysis between genetic nurturing effects ofBeijing da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Peking University. Health sciences · 2026Article
- Maternal health and autism risk: parsing direct and indirect genetic effects using 3-generation family linkage.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Genetic nurture effects in depressive and anxiety disorders and symptoms, and in related traits.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- In the genetics of the beholder: gene-environment interplay for internalising and externalising behaviours using polygenic scores and adolescent perceptions of parenting.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Article
- Abnormal Association Between Neural Activity and Genetic Expressions of Impulsivity in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: An Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2025Article
- Direct and indirect genetic effects on early neurodevelopmental traits.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2025Article
- Research Review: A review of the past decade of family and genomic studies on adolescent mental health.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2025Review
- Article
- Intergenerational transmission of genetic risk for hyperactivity and inattention. Direct genetic transmission or genetic nurture?JCPP advances · 2024Article
- Using parent-offspring pairs and trios to estimate indirect genetic effects in education.Genetic epidemiology · 2024Article
- Examining intergenerational risk factors for conduct problems using polygenic scores in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is highly heritable, but little is known about the relative effects of transmitted (i.e., direct) and nontransmitted (i.e., indirect) common variant risks. Using parent-offspring trios, we tested whether polygenic liability for neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders and lower cognitive ability is overtransmitted to ADHD probands. We also tested for indirect or genetic nurture effects by examining whether nontransmitted ADHD polygenic liability is elevated. Finally, we examined whether complete trios are representative of the clinical ADHD population.
methodsPolygenic risk scores (PRSs) for ADHD, anxiety, autism, bipolar disorder, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, Tourette syndrome, and cognitive ability were calculated in UK control subjects (n = 5081), UK probands with ADHD (n = 857), their biological parents (n = 328 trios), and also a replication sample of 844 ADHD trios.
resultsADHD PRSs were overtransmitted and cognitive ability and obsessive-compulsive disorder PRSs were undertransmitted. These results were independently replicated. Overtransmission of polygenic liability was not observed for other disorders. Nontransmitted alleles were not enriched for ADHD liability compared with control subjects. Probands from incomplete trios had more hyperactive-impulsive and conduct disorder symptoms, lower IQ, and lower socioeconomic status than complete trios. PRS did not vary by trio status.
conclusionsThe results support direct transmission of polygenic liability for ADHD and cognitive ability from parents to offspring, but not for other neurodevelopmental/psychiatric disorders. They also suggest that nontransmitted neurodevelopmental/psychiatric parental alleles do not contribute indirectly to ADHD via genetic nurture. Furthermore, ascertainment of complete ADHD trios may be nonrandom, in terms of demographic and clinical factors.
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