ReviewJournal of advanced research2023
KIR3DL3-HHLA2 and TMIGD2-HHLA2 pathways: The dual role of HHLA2 in immune responses and its potential therapeutic approach for cancer immunotherapy.
Review in Journal of advanced research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prognostic Value of HHLA2 in Patients with Solid Tumors: A Meta-Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- The B7 family subgroup reflects tumor cell heterogeneity and patient post-operative prognosis in gallbladder cancer.Biology direct · 2026Article
- Beyond KIR and NKG2A blockade: reprogramming NK-cell immunity in solid tumors.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- HHLA2 as an emerging immune checkpoint in lung cancer: linking EGFR signaling, macrophage polarization, and CD8Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Unlocking new frontiers: novel immune targets for next-generation cancer immunotherapy.Korean journal of clinical oncology · 2025Review
- The relevance of B7-H3 and tumor-associated macrophages in the tumor immune microenvironment of solid tumors: recent advances.American journal of translational research · 2025Review
- B7-H7 knockdown suppresses the proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma cells by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt pathway.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- HHLA2: a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in endocrine-related cancer.Endocrine oncology (Bristol, England) · 2025Review
- Molecular Biology of Cancer-Interplay of Malignant Cells with Emerging Therapies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Unlocking the potential of HHLA2: identifying functional immune infiltrating cells in the tumor microenvironment and predicting clinical outcomes in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2024Article
- Spatiotemporal Control of Inflammatory Lytic Cell Death Through Optogenetic Induction of RIPK3 Oligomerization.Journal of molecular biology · 2024Article
- Article
- HHLA2 deficiency inhibits pancreatic cancer progression and THP-1 macrophage M2 polarization via EGFR/MAPK/ERK and mTOR/AKT pathway.World journal of surgical oncology · 2024Article
- Review
- Article
- Research advances on signaling pathways regulating the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages in lung cancer microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Evaluation of HHLA2 and CD8 Immunohistochemical Expression in Colorectal Carcinoma and Their Prognostic Significance.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2023Article
- The DC-T cell axis is an effective target for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2023Review
- Regulation of HHLA2 expression in kidney cancer and myeloid cells.BMC cancer · 2023Article
- Overexpression and Role of HHLA2, a Novel Immune Checkpoint, in Colorectal Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundT cells and natural killer (NK) cells are essential components of the immune system and are regulated by coinhibitory and costimulatory molecules in which the B7 family and CD28 family play significant roles. Previous immune checkpoint studies on B7/CD28 family members, such as PD-1, have led to remarkable success in cancer immunotherapy. However, there is still a need to find new immune checkpoint molecules. Recent studies have demonstrated that HHLA2 exerts inhibitory and stimulatory functions on the immune system by binding to different receptors on different sites. However, the pathways between HHLA2 and its two receptors on T cells and NK cells remain controversial. AIM OF REVIEW: Here, we reviewed recent studies about HHLA2 ligand interactions with KIR3DL3 and TMIGD2. We focused on elucidating the pathways between KIR3DL3/TMIGD2 and HHLA2 as well as their function in tumour progression. We also addressed the relationship between HHLA2 expression and the clinical prognosis of cancer patients. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW: KIR3DL3/TMIGD2-HHLA2 may represent novel pathways within the tumour microenvironment and serve as crucial immune checkpoints for developing novel therapeutic drugs against human cancer.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.