Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35931182›Full record

ArticleAnalytical biochemistry2022

Stain-Free total-protein normalization enhances the reproducibility of Western blot data.

Abigail Maloy, Shaun Alexander, Alexis Andreas, Toru Nyunoya, Divay Chandra

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Analytical biochemistry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Purinergic Receptor P2Y2 Regulates Neurogenesis and Functional Recovery Following Spinal Cord Injury in Zebrafish.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026
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  4. A KBiomolecules · 2026
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  14. Reciprocal Regulation Between the SCFbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  15. PEX1The Journal of biological chemistry · 2025
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Abigail MaloyDepartment of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Shaun AlexanderDepartment of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Alexis AndreasDepartment of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Toru NyunoyaDepartment of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Medical Specialty Service Line, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Divay ChandraDepartment of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Electronic address: DIC15@pitt.edu.

Funding

Role of FBXO24 mediated ubiquitination of FoxP1 protein in the pathogenesis and treatment of COPDR01HL153400 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI CHANDRA, DIVAY · 2020 to 2024
$2.3M
Role of TACC2 in smoking-induced COPDR01HL149719 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI NYUNOYA, TORU · 2020 to 2023
$1.6M
Autoimmunity as a Mechanism for Atherosclerosis in COPDK23HL126912 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI CHANDRA, DIVAY · 2015 to 2019
$797k
CSRD VA I01 CX000105NHLBI NIH HHS K23 HL126912NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL149719NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL153400
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We compared the accuracy of three common methods of total protein normalization. The Stain-Free method was accurate across different types/brands of western blotting membrane and for various protein loads, unlike Ponceau S and Amido Black. Normalizing to the housekeeping proteins Actin and β-Tubulin could match the accuracy of the Stain-Free method. However, compared to Actin or β-Tubulin, normalizing to the Stain-Free signal reduced variability that led to enhanced reproducibility and a reduction in the number of samples needed to obtain statistically significant results by >50%. Stain-Free normalization can enhance the reproducibility and hence the confidence in Western Blot data.

Indexed as

ActinsColoring AgentsBlotting, WesternReproducibility of ResultsTubulinActinsColoring AgentsTubulinAmido blackPonceau SRigour and reproducibilityStain-freeTotal protein normalizationWestern blot

Identifiers

PMID35931182
PMCPMC10214384

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.