Observational studyAnnals of medicine2022
Gender differences in esophageal variceal bleeding in the United States.
Observational study in Annals of medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Teach-Back in Clinical Communication: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Article
- Identification of multiple complications as independent risk factors associated with 1-, 3-, and 5-year mortality in hepatitis B-associated cirrhosis patients.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Management Outcomes of Variceal Bleeding in Northern Tanzania: Insights From a Single-Center Retrospective Analysis.JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2025Article
- Acute Variceal Hemorrhage in Germany-A Nationwide Study of 65,357 Hospitalized Cases: Variceal Hemorrhage in Germany.Canadian journal of gastroenterology & hepatology · 2024Article
- Outcomes of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in the United States: A Propensity-score Matched Analysis of a Large National Database.Journal of community hospital internal medicine perspectives · 2024Article
- Outcomes among patients with hepatorenal syndrome based on hospital teaching and transplant status: Analysis of 159 845 hospitalizations.JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2023Article
- Frailty as a risk-stratification tool in patients undergoing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS).Journal of frailty, sarcopenia and falls · 2023Article
- Epidemiology of liver cirrhosis and associated complications: Current knowledge and future directions.World journal of gastroenterology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsEsophageal variceal bleeding is a common reason for hospitalization in patients with cirrhosis. The main objective of this study was to analyze the effects of gender differences on outcomes in hospitalizations related to Esophageal variceal bleeding in the United States.
methodsA retrospective observational cohort study was performed using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database for all hospitalizations with a discharge diagnosis of esophageal varices with hemorrhage from 2016 to 2019. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality, while secondary outcomes included rate of early endoscopy (defined as less than 1 day), AKI, blood transfusion, sepsis, ICU admission and TIPS (Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt). We also compared the length of stay and total hospitalization charges.
resultsWe identified a total of 166,760 patients with variceal bleeding of which 32.7% were females. In-hospital mortality was higher in males, 9.91%, compared to females, 8.31% (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.88, p-value=.008, when adjusted for confounding factors). The odds of undergoing an EGD, length of stay, or total hospitalization charges did not differ between the two groups. Compared to men, women had lower odds of receiving TIPS (aOR = 0.83, p-value=.002).
conclusionWomen hospitalised with esophageal variceal bleeding are at a lower risk of death compared to males. Further research is needed to elucidate the factors associated with this lower risk.
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