Trial reportEuropean journal of nutrition2023
Distribution of energy and macronutrient intakes across eating occasions in European children from 3 to 8 years of age: The EU Childhood Obesity Project Study.
Trial report in European journal of nutrition, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00338689 (Childhood Obesity - Programming by Infant Nutrition), which is not on this map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Childhood Obesity - Programming by Infant Nutrition
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- How to Teach Healthy Life-Style Efficiently in a Pediatric Outpatient Setting: Proposal of an Innovative Tridimensional Pyramid.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- Trial
- Effect of breastfeeding on dietary patterns in early childhood: the CoAlHaS study.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Nourishing future generations: the critical role of healthy school lunches and strategic food procurement.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Characterization of food portion size in children from 6 months to 8 years of age: a descriptive analysis.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Article
- Associations of chronotype and socio-demographic factors with timing of eating in finnish preschool-aged children.European journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Energy Density and Level of Processing of Packaged Food and Beverages Intended for Consumption by Australian Children.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Circadian eating patterns track from infancy to pre- and primary school-age, but are not prospectively associated with body composition in childhood - Results of the DONALD cohort study.European journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Development of Ferrero Nutrition Criteria: category-specific, progressive guidelines for product innovation.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Dietary fat intakes, food sources, and tracking across early childhood: results from the Melbourne InFANT Program.European journal of nutrition · 2024Article
- Carbohydrate intakes, food sources and tracking in Australian young children.The British journal of nutrition · 2024Article
- Global research trends and hotspots in overweight/obese comorbid with depression among children and adolescents: A bibliometric analysis.World journal of psychiatry · 2024Article
- Eating Frequency in European Children from 1 to 96 Months of Age: Results of the Childhood Obesity Project Study.Nutrients · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeWe aimed to characterize the distribution of energy and macronutrient intakes across eating occasions (EO) in European children from preschool to school age.
methodsData from 3-day weighed food records were collected from children at ages 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 years from Belgium, Germany, Italy, Poland and Spain. Food intakes were assigned to EO based on country-specific daytimes for breakfast, lunch, supper and snacks (morning, afternoon). The average energy and nutrient intakes were expressed as percentage of total energy intake (%E). Nutrients were additionally expressed as percentage per EO (%E
resultsThe 740 healthy children included in the analysis consumed the largest proportion of daily energy at lunch (31%E ± 8, M ± SD) and supper (26%E ± 8), followed by breakfast (19%E ± 7) and snacks [afternoon (16%E ± 8); morning (8%E ± 7)], with the most variable intake at morning snack (CV = 0.9). The nutrient composition at lunch and supper was highest for fat (36 ± 9%E
conclusionPossibly unhealthy EOs with high-fat intakes and high-sugar-content foods were observed. Changes in nutrient composition of EOs may be beneficial for health. TRIAL REGISTRY: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00338689; 19/June/2006.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.