ArticleFrontiers in public health2022
Threshold effects of body mass index on cognitive function and heterogeneity by sex and cardiovascular risk factors.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of Long-Term Vascular Risk Factor Variability from Childhood and Midlife Cognitive Function: The Bogalusa Heart Study.Research square · 2026Article
- Association Between Relative Fat Mass and Risk of Cognitive Impairment: The Role of Social Determinants of Health.Actas espanolas de psiquiatria · 2026Article
- Association between non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) and cognitive impairment in middle-aged and elderly Chinese population.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Article
- Association between waist-to-height ratio and cognitive impairment among community-dwelling elderly adults in Laoshan, Qingdao: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Body weight trajectories from midlife are associated with cognitive decline in advanced age.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Determinants of Cognitive Performance Among Ghanaian Hypertensive Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Article
- The impact of early adversity on later life health, lifestyle, and cognition.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Development and Validation of the Communities Geriatric Mild Cognitive Impairment Risk Calculator (CGMCI-Risk).Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Correlation between Vegetable and Fruit Intake and Cognitive Function in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study in Chongqing, China.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Associations between cognitive function and lifestyle in community-living older people: a correlational study.BMC research notes · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Disclosing the underlying relationship between body mass index (BMI) and cognitive decline is imperative for cognitive impairment prevention and early detection. Empirical studies have indicated the risk of abnormal BMI leading to cognitive impairment. However, the relative risk of underweight or overweight on cognitive function is obscure. This study investigated the asymmetric causal effect of BMI on cognitive decline below and above an unknown threshold and the heterogeneity in the threshold level and the magnitude of the threshold effect due to sex and cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: This study used 2010-2018 panel data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging that assessed sociodemographic and health-related trends in Korean middle-aged to older population. A generalized method of moments estimator of the panel threshold model was applied to estimate the potential nonlinear pattern between BMI and cognitive function. Results: There was a threshold effect in the relationship between BMI and cognitive function. An increase in BMI below the threshold was associated with higher cognitive function, whereas a further increase in BMI above the threshold led to cognitive decline. The nonlinear pattern between BMI and cognitive function differed by sex and cardiovascular risk appearing more distinctively within men or the cardiovascular risk group. Conclusions: The detrimental impact of being underweight or overweight on cognitive function is heterogeneous by sex or cardiovascular risk. For obese men or individuals with cardiovascular risk factors, maintaining adequate BMI should be highlighted to help prevent cognitive decline.
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