ReviewCurrent medicinal chemistry2023
2,5-Diketopiperazines: A Review of Source, Synthesis, Bioactivity, Structure, and MS Fragmentation.
Review in Current medicinal chemistry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Computational and Cellular Evaluation of the Anti-Melanogenic Potential of Gancidin W: Integrating Network Pharmacology and Free-Energy Analyses.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Discovery of diketopiperazine alkaloids from an endophytic Kitasatospora sp. by heterologous expression.The Journal of antibiotics · 2026Article
- The tRNA moieties of both aminoacyl-tRNA substrates of a cyclodipeptide synthase share a common binding site, as revealed by RNA microhelices mimicking tRNA acceptor arms.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- In vitro effects of Bacillus velezensis strain Mandacaium against Xanthomonas citri pv. glycines: genomic and metabolomic insights.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Anticancer Secondary Metabolites Produced by Fungi: Potential and Representative Compounds.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Not to be overlooked: dipeptides and their role in plant stress resilience.Journal of experimental botany · 2025Review
- Insights into the Bioactivities and Mechanism of Action of the Microbial Diketopiperazine Cyclic Dipeptide Cyclo(L-leucyl-L-prolyl).Marine drugs · 2025Review
- The Neurotropic Activity of Novel Dermorphin Analogs Active at Systemic and Noninvasive Administration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Molecular networking derived from untargeted LC-MS/MS analysis to discover inhibitors of RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis from Egyptian marine sponge-associated fungi.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Bioprospecting cultivable bacteria associated with deep sea (mesopelagic) fish of the North Atlantic Ocean.Natural products and bioprospecting · 2025Article
- Characterization of the cyclic dipeptide cyclo(His-Pro) in Arabidopsis.Plant physiology · 2025Article
- In Vitro and In Silico Studies of Maculosin as a Melanogenesis and Tyrosinase Inhibitor.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Novel 2,5-Diketopiperazines with In Vitro Activities against Protozoan Parasites of Tropical Diseases.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Chemical and Biological Studies of Endophytes Isolated fromMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
background2,5-Diketopiperazines (DKPs), also called cyclic dipeptides, are the simplest peptide derivatives in nature that are formed by the condensation of two amino acids. They are an important category of bioactive substances with various structures.
objectiveThis review focuses on the natural sources, synthetic processes, biological properties and MS fragmentation regularity of simple DKPs, in order to provide a reference for exploring future scientific and therapeutic potentials of these compounds.
methodsPertinent information was collected and organized from several electronic scientific databases (e.g., Web of Science, China Knowledge Resource Integrated, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Wanfang Data and Google Scholar), PhD and MS dissertations. There are 107 articles published from the early 20th century to 2021 that were reviewed in this work.
resultsDKPs have been obtained from a broad range of natural resources, including fungi, bacteria, plants, and animals, and have been synthesized by chemical and biological methods. DKPs have various pharmacological activities, including anticancer, antibacterial, antithrombotic, neuron protective, analgesic, and other activities. Mass spectrometry is the most common method for the structural analysis of DKPs. DKPs can be quickly screened and identified by MS according to the mass spectrum fragmentation pattern.
conclusionAs a category of relatively unexplored compounds, DKPs have been demonstrated to have various bioactivities, especially with antitumor and antibacterial activities. However, the existing research on DKPs is still in the early stage, and their application in drug development needs to be further studied.
Indexed as
Identifiers
35927899What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.