ArticleThe Journal of nutrition2023
Food Group, Macronutrient Intake, and Metabolic Status in the US-Affiliated Pacific's Children's Healthy Living (CHL) Program.
Article in The Journal of nutrition, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multilevel factors influencing child overweight and obesity in the Pacific Islands.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2026Review
- Quadruple Burden of Young Child Malnutrition in the Children's Healthy Living Program, United States-Affiliated Pacific.The Journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Nutrient Intake Evidence in the Pacific: A Scoping Review of Research Coverage, Challenges, and Opportunities.Food science & nutrition · 2026Article
- Diet quality of Marshallese mothers of young children in Northwest Arkansas: an exploratory study.Public health nutrition · 2025Article
- Dietary Micronutrient Intake and the Prevalence of Metabolic Conditions among Children from the United States-Affiliated Pacific Region in the Children's Healthy Living Program.Current developments in nutrition · 2025Article
- Diet Quality of Young Children in the US-Affiliated Pacific's Children's Healthy Living (CHL) Program.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2023Article
- Prevalence and socio-demographic distributions of meeting RMI Guidelines for Healthy Living among elementary school children in Majuro, Republic of Marshall Islands: a cross-sectional population-based survey.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2023Article
- Food Security is Associated with Higher Diet Quality Among Children of the US-Affiliated Pacific Region.The Journal of nutrition · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe Children's Healthy Living study provided dietary intake information for understudied Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander (NHOPI) young children.
objectivesOur objective was to describe food group and macronutrient intakes of NHOPI children in the US-Affiliated Pacific region (USAP), overall and by jurisdiction, income level, and metabolic status.
methodsWe evaluated 2-8-y-olds (n = 3520) in a cross-sectional cluster sampled study using 2 d of dietary records completed by caregivers using provided tools, quantified by a specially developed food composition table and compared with US dietary recommendations. Overweight and obesity (OWOB) and acanthosis nigricans (AN) assessment (metabolic status) was completed by trained evaluators using standard tools. Demographic data were collected by questionnaire. Regression analysis identified differences in dietary component means by jurisdiction, World Bank income groups (WBIGs), and metabolic status, adjusted for age and sex.
resultsFew children met US recommendations for vegetable (2.4%) and milk (4.1%) food groups. US macronutrient recommendations were generally met. Food group and macronutrient intakes were significantly different by jurisdiction and WBIG. Means for food groups, except meats, and macronutrients, except protein, were higher in overweight/obese (OWOB) compared with healthy-weight children. Grain intake of 7.25 (SE: 0.08) oz was higher (P < 0.05) and milk intake of 0.90 (SE: 0.05) cups was lower (P < 0.05) in children with OWOB compared with those without OWOB [grains: 7.17 (SE: 0.07) oz; and milk: 0.96 (SE: 0.04) cups]. Monounsaturated fat intake of 11.68 (SE: 0.10) % energy was higher in those with OWOB, compared with healthy-weight children [11.56 (SE: 0.08) % energy, P < 0.05].
conclusionsYoung children's diets in the USAP did not meet milk, vegetable, or fruit intake recommendations. There was variability in dietary patterns across the USAP and by WBIG. Grain intake and monounsaturated fat intake were lower and milk intake was higher in children with better metabolic status.
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