ArticleJournal of the American College of Cardiology2022
Cardiovascular Disease Projections in the United States Based on the 2020 Census Estimates.
Article in Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 159 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
159 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 283 citations in OpenAlex.
- 10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2026.Diabetes care · 2026Guideline
- The effect of probiotics on weight management in patients with severe obesity undergoing metabolic and bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Prognostic value of lipid parameters among patients with heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis.ESC heart failure · 2025Pooled it
- Association Between Gallstone Disease and Risk of Mortality of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effect of skipping breakfast on cardiovascular risk factors: a grade-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- High Blood Pressure in Children Aged 3 to 12 Years Old With Overweight or Obesity.Childhood obesity (Print) · 2024Trial
- Relationship between NT-proBNP, echocardiographic abnormalities and functional status in patients with subclinical siabetic cardiomyopathy.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2024Trial
- Quality of Life in Older Adults With Stable Ischemic Heart Disease and Diabetes Mellitus: A Post Hoc Analysis of the BARI 2D Trial.The American journal of cardiology · 2024Trial
- Red Blood Cell Distribution Width Is a Biomarker of Red Cell Dysfunction Associated with Inflammation, Macrophage Polarization, and Coronary Artery Calcification: A Prognostic Marker in Cardiovascular Disease and a Potential Target for Anti-Cytokine Therapy.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Beyond LDL-C: Modern Lipid Management for ASCVD Prevention in Primary Care.Cardiology and therapy · 2026Review
- Health Electronic Assessment of Risks and Trends using Biometric Equipment and Technology (HEARTBEAT): study design and rationale.European heart journal. Digital health · 2026Article
- Positive Predictive Value of Universal Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment for Pregnant and Postpartum Patients.JACC. Advances · 2026Article
- Enhanced Radiation Protection Devices in Every Fluoroscopic Laboratory: A Call to Action.Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions · 2026Article
- Association between C-reactive protein-triglyceride glucose index (CTI) and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality risk among the elderly population: insights from three datasets.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2026Article
- Extracellular Vesicles as Mediators of Pathophysiology and Disease Progression in Cardiovascular Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Assessing Supply, Demand, and Adequacy of Cardiologists in the United States: Projecting a National Shortage.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Using a Biomarker of Biological Aging to Predict Incident Cardiometabolic Disease.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Blood Pressure Changes During Aging and Menopause Among Forager-Horticulturalists in the Bolivian Amazon.American journal of biological anthropology · 2026Article
- Emerging roles of the cGAS/STING pathway in cardiovascular diseases.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
99 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundUnderstanding trends in cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and CV disease according to age, sex, race, and ethnicity is important for policy planning and public health interventions.
objectivesThe goal of this study was to project the number of people with CV risk factors and disease and further explore sex, race, and ethnical disparities.
methodsThe prevalence of CV risk factors (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity) and CV disease (ischemic heart disease, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and stroke) according to age, sex, race, and ethnicity was estimated by using logistic regression models based on 2013-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data and further combining them with 2020 U.S. Census projection counts for years 2025-2060.
resultsBy the year 2060, compared with the year 2025, the number of people with diabetes mellitus will increase by 39.3% (39.2 million [M] to 54.6M), hypertension by 27.2% (127.8M to 162.5M), dyslipidemia by 27.5% (98.6M to 125.7M), and obesity by 18.3% (106.3M to 125.7M). Concurrently, projected prevalence will similarly increase compared with 2025 for ischemic heart disease by 31.1% (21.9M to 28.7M), heart failure by 33.0% (9.7M to 12.9M), myocardial infarction by 30.1% (12.3M to 16.0M), and stroke by 34.3% (10.8M to 14.5M). Among White individuals, the prevalence of CV risk factors and disease is projected to decrease, whereas significant increases are projected in racial and ethnic minorities.
conclusionsLarge future increases in CV risk factors and CV disease prevalence are projected, disproportionately affecting racial and ethnic minorities. Future health policies and public health efforts should take these results into account to provide quality, affordable, and accessible health care.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.