ArticleDeutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)2022
[High patient unawareness for chronic kidney disease even in later stages - but why is it more frequent in women than in men?]
Article in Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Analysis of acute glomerulonephritis disease burden and incidence trends in China, 1990-2021.International urology and nephrology · 2026Article
- The effect of brief educational intervention on level of awareness about chronic kidney disease among type-2 diabetes mellitus patients in Prince Sultan Military Hospital, Taif.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2024Article
- Diagnostic Validity of Chronic Kidney Disease in Health Claims Data Over Time: Results from a Cohort of Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Germany.Clinical epidemiology · 2024Article
- Global, regional, and national burden inequality of chronic kidney disease, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionChronic kidney failure (CKD) is as common as diabetes or coronary heart disease in a population aged 40 years and older. Although CKD increases the risk of secondary diseases or premature death, patients with CKD are often unaware of their disease. In a recent analysis of German data, unawareness CKD was higher in women than in men.
methodsBaseline data from 2010 of 3,305 CKD patients from German cohort studies and registries were analyzed. Stage 1-4 CKD was defined by eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate) and albumin-creatinine ratio according to the KDIGO-guideline. Patient knowledge of CKD was coded according to self-report. The proportion of patients without knowledge of CKD and the sex-specific proportion difference (each with 95 % confidence interval) were calculated according to CKD stages and additional comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension, anemia, and cardiovascular disease). In addition, the prevalence ratio (PR) for not knowing about CKD was estimated for women compared to men crude and adjusted for age and other risk factors.
resultsWomen were less likely than men to know about their CKD in all subgroups studied by age, CKD stage, and comorbidities. The proportion difference for CKD awareness increased with higher CKD stage and was 21 percentage points (7.6; 34.6) at the expense of women in CKD stage 4. Among patients with CKD stage 3b and concomitant grade 2 hypertension, 61 % of women versus 45 % of men were unaware of their disease. The PR for CKD unawareness in women compared with men in the fully adjusted model increased from 1.08 (1.00; 1.16) in CKD stage 3a to 1.75 (1.14; 2.68) in CKD stage 4.
conclusionDespite the presence risk factors that necessitate monitoring of renal function, less than half of patients know they have CKD stage 3b or 4. Women are less likely to be aware of their CKD in all subgroups. Possible causes are gender-related differences in primary health care (gender bias) or in patient-doctor communication.
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