ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2022
Improving power in functional magnetic resonance imaging by moving beyond cluster-level inference.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Feature selection leads to divergent neurobiological interpretations of brain-based machine learning biomarkers.Nature human behaviour · 2026Article
- Effect sizes in human functional neuroimaging.Research square · 2026Article
- The Hidden Landscape of Missed Effects in Human Functional Neuroimaging.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The Incremental Cluster Threshold-Free Cluster Enhancement Algorithm for Functional Connectivity Analysis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Altered dorsal anterior insula functional connectivity underlying abnormal interoceptive accuracy awareness in migraine without aura.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Article
- A functional system-informed graph neural network framework to quantify interpretable brain dysfunction in ASD.Neural networks : the official journal of the International Neural Network Society · 2026Article
- PRISME: A MATLAB Toolbox For Large Data-Driven Multimodal Power Benchmarking.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Overlooked features lead to divergent neurobiological interpretations of brain-based machine learning biomarkers.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Motion impact score for detecting spurious brain-behavior associations.Nature communications · 2025Article
- A mega-analysis of low frequency resting-state measures in mood and psychosis-spectrum disorders.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Familial transmission of neural representations for mental arithmetic across two generations.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Functional dysconnectivity of visual and somatomotor networks yields a simple and robust biomarker for psychosis.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Statistical properties of functional connectivity MRI enrichment analysis in school-age autism research.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2025Article
- Reproducible Effects of Sex and Acquisition Order on Multiple Global Signal Metrics: Implications for Functional Connectivity Studies of Phenotypic Individual Differences Using fMRI.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Article
- Functional dysconnectivity of visual and somatomotor networks yields a simple and robust biomarker for psychosis.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- AN INTEGRATIVE NETWORK-BASED MEDIATION MODEL (NMM) TO ESTIMATE MULTIPLE GENETIC EFFECTS ON OUTCOMES MEDIATED BY FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY.The annals of applied statistics · 2024Article
- A multi-modal, asymmetric, weighted, and signed description of anatomical connectivity.Nature communications · 2024Article
- A measure of reliability convergence to select and optimize cognitive tasks for individual differences research.Communications psychology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Inference in neuroimaging typically occurs at the level of focal brain areas or circuits. Yet, increasingly, well-powered studies paint a much richer picture of broad-scale effects distributed throughout the brain, suggesting that many focal reports may only reflect the tip of the iceberg of underlying effects. How focal versus broad-scale perspectives influence the inferences we make has not yet been comprehensively evaluated using real data. Here, we compare sensitivity and specificity across procedures representing multiple levels of inference using an empirical benchmarking procedure that resamples task-based connectomes from the Human Connectome Project dataset (∼1,000 subjects, 7 tasks, 3 resampling group sizes, 7 inferential procedures). Only broad-scale (network and whole brain) procedures obtained the traditional 80% statistical power level to detect an average effect, reflecting >20% more statistical power than focal (edge and cluster) procedures. Power also increased substantially for false discovery rate- compared with familywise error rate-controlling procedures. The downsides are fairly limited; the loss in specificity for broad-scale and FDR procedures was relatively modest compared to the gains in power. Furthermore, the broad-scale methods we introduce are simple, fast, and easy to use, providing a straightforward starting point for researchers. This also points to the promise of more sophisticated broad-scale methods for not only functional connectivity but also related fields, including task-based activation. Altogether, this work demonstrates that shifting the scale of inference and choosing FDR control are both immediately attainable and can help remedy the issues with statistical power plaguing typical studies in the field.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.