SynthesisJournal of the American Heart Association2022
Effects of Objective and Perceived Social Isolation on Cardiovascular and Brain Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.
Synthesis in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 120 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
120 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Wired for companionship: a meta-analysis on social robots filling the void of loneliness in later life.The Gerontologist · 2025Pooled it
- Association of social isolation, loneliness and risk of cardiovascular diseases: Meta-analysis of cohort studies.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Social Isolation, Loneliness, and Cardiovascular Mortality: The Role of Health Care System Interventions.Current cardiology reports · 2024Pooled it
- The impact of social isolation and loneliness on cardiovascular disease risk factors: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and bibliometric investigation.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and coexisting depression, anxiety and/or stress in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Pooled it
- Risk Factors Associated with Preventable Hospitalisation among Rural Community-Dwelling Patients: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Enhancing Societal Participation for Stroke Survivors With Cognitive Impairments: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Trial
- Food Insecurity and Its Cardiovascular Implications in Underresourced Communities.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Trial
- Efficacy of an Internet-based self-help intervention with human guidance or automated messages to alleviate loneliness: a three-armed randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Exploring experiences of loneliness among stroke survivors living in the community: a secondary qualitative analysis.International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being · 2026Article
- A Survey to Assess Loneliness and Predictive Factors Among Students at a US Medical School.Academic psychiatry : the journal of the American Association of Directors of Psychiatric Residency Training and the Association for Academic Psychiatry · 2026Article
- Loneliness and Initiation of Potentially Inappropriate Pain and Psychotropic Medications: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Drugs & aging · 2026Article
- Development of a Predictive Model for the Onset of Loneliness in Older Adults From the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology-Study of Geriatric Syndromes.International journal of geriatric psychiatry · 2026Article
- Social Isolation and Loneliness Among U.S. Adults With Self-Reported Hospitalization.American journal of preventive medicine · 2026Article
- Social Isolation, Loneliness and Subclinical Atherosclerosis.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2026Review
- Health-Related Digital Engagement and Incident Stroke Among Older Adults: Prospective Cohort Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- The social environment and cognitive aging over the life course: laying out critical concepts and research gaps.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Article
- The interplay between loneliness, cortisol, and NK cell function: The role of cortisol in NK cell dysfunction.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2026Article
- Independent and joint associations of social participation and depressive symptoms with incident stroke risk in older adults: a prospective cohort study based on CHARLS and ELSA.BMC public health · 2026Article
60 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background Social isolation, the relative absence of or infrequency of contact with different types of social relationships, and loneliness (perceived isolation) are associated with adverse health outcomes. Objective To review observational and intervention research that examines the impact of social isolation and loneliness on cardiovascular and brain health and discuss proposed mechanisms for observed associations. Methods We conducted a systematic scoping review of available research. We searched 4 databases, PubMed, PsycInfo, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health, and Scopus. Findings Evidence is most consistent for a direct association between social isolation, loneliness, and coronary heart disease and stroke mortality. However, data on the association between social isolation and loneliness with heart failure, dementia, and cognitive impairment are sparse and less robust. Few studies have empirically tested mediating pathways between social isolation, loneliness, and cardiovascular and brain health outcomes using appropriate methods for explanatory analyses. Notably, the effect estimates are small, and there may be unmeasured confounders of the associations. Research in groups that may be at higher risk or more vulnerable to the effects of social isolation is limited. We did not find any intervention studies that sought to reduce the adverse impact of social isolation or loneliness on cardiovascular or brain health outcomes. Conclusions Social isolation and loneliness are common and appear to be independent risk factors for worse cardiovascular and brain health; however, consistency of the associations varies by outcome. There is a need to develop, implement, and test interventions to improve cardiovascular and brain health for individuals who are socially isolated or lonely.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.