ArticleFrontiers in cell and developmental biology2022
Extracellular vimentin is expressed at the rear of activated macrophage-like cells: Potential role in enhancement of migration and phagocytosis.
Article in Frontiers in cell and developmental biology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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14 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Micro Pattern-Based 3D Cell Culture Platform: An Overview of Technologies and Applications.Exploration (Beijing, China) · 2026Review
- AI-enhanced clinical trial-in-a-dish platform for improved DILI risk classification and mechanistic insights into hepatotoxicity.Frontiers in toxicology · 2026Article
- Spatial biomarkers of response to eribulin plus pembrolizumab in patients with metastatic triple negative breast cancer in the ENHANCE-1 trial.NPJ breast cancer · 2025Article
- Annexin A2 Contributes to Release of Extracellular Vimentin in Response to Inflammation.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Article
- Extracellular vimentin is a damage-associated molecular pattern protein serving as an agonist of TLR4 in human neutrophils.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Review
- Septin 9 expression regulates 'don't eat me' signals and identifies an immune-epithelial class of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.Molecular oncology · 2024Article
- Article
- Vimentin regulates mitochondrial ROS production and inflammatory responses of neutrophils.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- The molecular biophysics of extracellular vimentin and its role in pathogen-host interactions.Current opinion in cell biology · 2023Review
- Vimentin takes a hike - Emerging roles of extracellular vimentin in cancer and wound healing.Current opinion in cell biology · 2023Review
- AXL-initiated paracrine activation of pSTAT3 enhances mesenchymal and vasculogenic supportive features of tumor-associated macrophages.Cell reports · 2023Article
- Vimentin: from a cytoskeletal protein to a critical modulator of immune response and a target for infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- A low-cost alternative method of generating fibronectin micropatterned lines for cellular applications.MethodsX · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Macrophages have a vital role in the immune system through elimination of cell debris and microorganisms by phagocytosis. The activation of macrophages by tumour necrosis factor-α induces expression of extracellular cell-surface vimentin and promotes release of this vimentin into the extracellular environment. Vimentin is a cytoskeletal protein that is primarily located in the cytoplasm of cells. However, under circumstances like injury, stress, senescence and activation, vimentin can be expressed on the extracellular cell surface, or it can be released into the extracellular space. The characteristics of this extracellular vimentin, and its implications for the functional role of macrophages and the mechanism of secretion remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that vimentin is released mainly from the back of macrophage-like cells. This polarisation is strongly enhanced upon macrophage activation. One-dimensional patterned lines showed that extracellular cell-surface vimentin is localised primarily at the back of activated macrophage-like cells. Through two-dimensional migration and phagocytosis assays, we show that this extracellular vimentin enhances migration and phagocytosis of macrophage-like cells. We further show that this extracellular vimentin forms agglomerates on the cell surface, in contrast to its intracellular filamentous form, and that it is released into the extracellular space in the form of small fragments. Taken together, we provide new insights into the release of extracellular cell-surface vimentin and its implications for macrophage functionality.
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