ArticleEClinicalMedicine2022
Efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
Article in EClinicalMedicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 60 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Study of Multi-Modal Imaging Technology in MRI-Guided Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Treatment for Parkinson's Disease
Clinical Effects of Accelerated rTMS Targeting Motor Cortex on Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease: A Prospective Pilot Study
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness and safety of theta burst stimulation for Parkinson's disease: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized parallel-group controlled trials.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Pooled it
- The effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation in motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease: an overview of systematic reviews with meta-analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Pooled it
- TMS and tDCS as potential tools for the treatment of cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of transcranial alternating current stimulation on neurophysiologic motor function in Parkinson's patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Comparative efficacy of rTMS on different targets in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation improves cognition, depression, and walking ability in patients with Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis.BMC neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Assessment of noninvasive brain stimulation interventions in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for cerebellar ataxia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Pooled it
- Additional Effects of 1-Hz rTMS Combined With Tai Chi Chuan on Dual-Task Performance Among Older Adults With Sleep Disorders and MCI: An fNIRS-Based Randomized Controlled Trial.Brain and behavior · 2026Trial
- Bilateral intermittent theta burst stimulation over the primary motor cortex improves motor and affective symptoms via thalamic network reintegration in mid-stage Parkinson's disease.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Trial
- Clinical and neurophysiological effects of bilateral repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and EEG-guided neurofeedback in Parkinson's disease: a randomized, four-arm controlled trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2024Trial
- Article
- From Striatum to Prescription: An Evidence-Based and Bayesian Framework for Neuromotor Rehabilitation in Parkinson's Disease.NeuroSci · 2026Review
- Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Interventions of Neuroplasticity After Ischemic Stroke-A Scoping Review.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Depression in neurodegenerative disease: neurobiological mechanisms and emerging treatments.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Noninvasive Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease: Therapeutic Applications and Clinical Perspectives.Journal of movement disorders · 2026Article
- Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as a Cognitive Rehabilitation Approach for Veterans With Parkinson Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment: Protocol for a Randomized Sham-Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Transcranial magneto-acoustic stimulation improves corticostriatal transmission in direct medium spiny neurons and rescues neuroplasticity of Parkinson's disease model mice.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2026Article
- Article
- Plasticity-Induced Motor Recovery of Bilateral Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled, Crossover Trial.Neurology and therapy · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive form of brain stimulation that positively regulates the motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Although, most reviews and meta-analysis have shown that rTMS intervention is effective in treating motor symptoms and depression, very few have used randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to analyse the efficacy of this intervention in PD. We aimed to review RCTs of rTMS in patients with PD to assess the efficacy of rTMS on motor and non-motor function in patients with PD. Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, MEDLINE and Web of Science databases for RCTs on rTMS in PD published between January 1, 1988 to January 1, 2022. Eligible studies included sham-controlled RCTs that used rTMS stimulation for motor or non-motor symptoms in PD. RCTs not focusing on the efficacy of rTMS in PD were excluded. Summary data were extracting from those RCTs by two investigators independently. We then calculated standardised mean difference with random-effect models. The main outcome included motor and non-motor examination of scales that were used in PD motor or non-motor assessment. This study was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42022329633. Findings: Fourteen studies with 469 patients met the criteria for our meta-analysis. Twelve eligible studies with 381 patients were pooled to analyse the efficacy of rTMS on motor function improvement. The effect size on motor scale scores was 0.51 ( Interpretation: The findings suggest that rTMS could be used as a possible adjuvant therapy for PD mainly to improve motor symptoms, but could have potential efficacy on depressive symptoms of PD. However, further investigation is needed. Funding: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (NO: 81873777, 82071414), Initiated Foundation of Zhujiang Hospital (NO: 02020318005), Scientific Research Foundation of Guangzhou (NO: 202206010005), and Science and Technology Program of Guangdong of China (NO: 2020A0505100037).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.