Trial reportAlzheimer's research & therapy2022
Inflammatory plasma biomarkers in subjects with preclinical Alzheimer's disease.
Trial report in Alzheimer's research & therapy, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neuroinflammatory fluid biomarkers in patients with Alzheimer's disease: a systematic literature review.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- GFAP as a Potential Biomarker for Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Cells · 2023Pooled it
- Association of Alzheimer's disease progression with YKL40 levels in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurologyPooled it
- Prognostic value of plasma biomarkers for informing clinical trial design in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2025Trial
- Unmasking preclinical Alzheimer's pathology: auditory distraction cost and occupational reserve jointly discriminate amyloid positivity in subjective cognitive decline.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Article
- Plasma Beta-Amyloid and Metabolic Biomarkers: Age- and Sex-Stratified Analyses Suggest Limited Population-Level Associations.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Complex interplay of astrogliosis and pathology in preclinical Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Plasma biomarker trajectories across Alzheimer's clinical onset: a 17-year prospective study.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2026Article
- ScFv T1 Protects Against Mitochondrial Damage of SH-SY5Y Cells Caused by Extracellular Tau Aggregates.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Plasma Biomarkers and Clinical Outcomes in Early-Onset Dementia.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Diagnostic performance of plasma GFAP in preclinical stages of Alzheimer's disease using the Lumipulse platform.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2026Article
- HCG18 is a Potential Pathogenic Factor and Diagnostic Biomarker Alzheimer's Disease.Neurochemical research · 2026Article
- Tracing neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration: insights from a scoping review on biofluid biomarkers.Brain communications · 2026Review
- Blood biomarkers and artificial intelligence: toward precision medicine in Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Review
- The Role of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein in the Neuropathology of Alzheimer's Disease and Its Potential as a Blood Biomarker for Early Diagnosis and Progression.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Plasma biomarkers of amyloid, tau & neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease and corticobasal syndrome.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Article
- Cytokine expression profile in the human brain of older adults.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Integrating neuroinflammation biomarkers into the ATN(X) framework: Advances in Alzheimer's pathogenesis, diagnosis, and insights from non-human primate models.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Review
- Clusterin Regulates the Mechanisms of Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Circuit Impairment in Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis study investigated plasma biomarkers for neuroinflammation associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in subjects with preclinical AD compared to healthy elderly. How these biomarkers behave in patients with AD, compared to healthy elderly is well known, but determining these in subjects with preclinical AD is not and will add information related to the onset of AD. When found to be different in preclinical AD, these inflammatory biomarkers may be used to select preclinical AD subjects who are most likely to develop AD, to participate in clinical trials with new disease-modifying drugs.
methodsHealthy elderly (n= 50; age 71.9; MMSE >24) and subjects with preclinical AD (n=50; age 73.4; MMSE >24) defined by CSF Aβ1-42 levels < 1000 pg/mL were included. Four neuroinflammatory biomarkers were determined in plasma, GFAP, YKL-40, MCP-1, and eotaxin-1. Differences in biomarker outcomes were compared using ANCOVA. Subject characteristics age, gender, and APOE ε4 status were reported per group and were covariates in the ANCOVA. Least square means were calculated for all 4 inflammatory biomarkers using both the Aβ+/Aβ- cutoff and Ptau/Aβ1-42 ratio.
resultsThe mean (standard deviation, SD) age of the subjects (n=100) was 72.6 (4.6) years old with 62 male and 38 female subjects. Mean (SD) overall MMSE score was 28.7 (0.49) and 32 subjects were APOE ε4 carriers. The number of subjects in the different APOE ε4 status categories differed significantly between the Aβ+ and Aβ- groups. Plasma GFAP concentration was significantly higher in the Aβ+ group compared to the Aβ- group with significant covariates age and sex, variables that also correlated significantly with GFAP.
conclusionGFAP was significantly higher in subjects with preclinical AD compared to healthy elderly which agrees with previous studies. When defining preclinical AD based on the Ptau181/Aβ1-42 ratio, YKL-40 was also significantly different between groups. This could indicate that GFAP and YKL-40 are more sensitive markers of the inflammatory process in response to the Aβ misfolding and aggregation that is ongoing as indicated by the lowered Aβ1-42 levels in the CSF. Characterizing subjects with preclinical AD using neuroinflammatory biomarkers is important for subject selection in new disease-modifying clinical trials.
trial registrationISRCTN.org identifier: ISRCTN79036545 (retrospectively registered).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.