ReviewNature reviews. Microbiology2022
The biofilm life cycle: expanding the conceptual model of biofilm formation.
Review in Nature reviews. Microbiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 574 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
574 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Chronic Infections as Catalysts for Melanoma Aggressiveness: Insights into Tumour Microenvironment Modulation.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2025Pooled it
- Early and matureBiofilm · 2026Article
- Laboratory and pilot-farm evaluation of cleaning and disinfection protocols for biofilms in livestock drinking water systems.Biofilm · 2026Article
- Preparation and Physicochemical Characterization of Chitosan-Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Conjugated with Oxacillin: Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm, and Biocompatibility Activities against MRSA Staphylococcus aureus.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Beyond Bactericidal: Plasma Surface Engineering to Defeat Food Matrix-Conditioning Layers.Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2026Review
- A Novel Biofilm Amyloid Ligand for Caspase-11 Drives Hyperactivation in Dendritic Cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Metabolomics study of the inhibitory effects of tubuloside A on Streptococcus suis biofilm.International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology · 2026Article
- Computational approaches for identifying quorum sensing inhibitors.Molecular diversity · 2026Review
- Antibacterial and Immunomodulatory Activities of a Natural Polysaccharide AgainstFood science & nutrition · 2026Article
- Article
- Biosurfactants direct the evolutionary dynamics of surface-associated microbial systems.Science advances · 2026Article
- Two Ume6 target gene classes in the biofilm regulatory network ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Diversification of biofilm architecture among freshwaterApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Participation of the Transcriptional Regulator Fur in Modulating Biofilm Formation of the Salmonid PathogenInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Dimensional analysis as a tool for biofilm comparative analysis: bridging the interdisciplinary divides.Journal of bacteriology · 2026Review
- The role of extracellular DNA inJournal of bacteriology · 2026Review
- Toward a Cytological Classification of Nasal Biofilms in Upper Airway Inflammation: Microscopic Patterns, Clinical Meaning, and Therapeutic Implications.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Biofilm formation and dynamics in the marine cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Beyond Contact Angle: Reframing the Evaluation of Super-Liquid-Repellent Materials for Real Food Environments.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Co-Expression of PA0290 and PelD EnhancesMicroorganisms · 2026Article
514 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are often defined as communities of surface-attached bacteria and are typically depicted with a classic mushroom-shaped structure characteristic of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, it has become evident that this is not how all biofilms develop, especially in vivo, in clinical and industrial settings, and in the environment, where biofilms often are observed as non-surface-attached aggregates. In this Review, we describe the origin of the current five-step biofilm development model and why it fails to capture many aspects of bacterial biofilm physiology. We aim to present a simplistic developmental model for biofilm formation that is flexible enough to include all the diverse scenarios and microenvironments where biofilms are formed. With this new expanded, inclusive model, we hereby introduce a common platform for developing an understanding of biofilms and anti-biofilm strategies that can be tailored to the microenvironment under investigation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.