ArticleBMJ open2022
Effectiveness of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines against Omicron and Delta variants in a matched test-negative case-control study among US veterans.
Article in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness of Booster Doses Against Delta and Omicron Variants Over Follow-up Times Using Longitudinal Meta-analysis.Journal of research in health sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Effectiveness of the pre-Omicron COVID-19 vaccines against Omicron in reducing infection, hospitalization, severity, and mortality compared to Delta and other variants: A systematic review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines against Omicron infection and severe events: a systematic review and meta-analysis of test-negative design studies.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Public misperceptions of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness and waning: experimental evidence from Ireland.Public health · 2023Trial
- Improving Assessment of Vaccine Effectiveness by Coupling Test-negative Design Studies with Survival Models.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Article
- Improving Assessment of Vaccine Effectiveness by Coupling Test-Negative Design Studies with Survival Models.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Determination of post-pandemic impact on activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living factors affecting daily living activities of the elderly.Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992) · 2026Article
- CoronaVac-induced antibodies that facilitate Fc-mediated neutrophil phagocytosis track with COVID-19 disease resolution.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Estimates of SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Population Immunity After the COVID-19 Pandemic in Austria: Analysis of National Wastewater Data.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- The economic impacts of COVID-19 hospitalizations, intensive care unit admissions, and deaths related to overweight and obesity.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- The impact of the COVID-19 vaccination programme on symptomatic and severe SARS-CoV-2 infection during a period of Omicron variant dominance in Ireland, December 2021 to March 2023.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2024Observational
- Review
- Safety, effectiveness and immunogenicity of heterologous mRNA-1273 boost after prime with Ad26.COV2.S among healthcare workers in South Africa: The single-arm, open-label, phase 3 SHERPA study.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Waning effectiveness of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines against inpatient and emergency department encounters.PloS one · 2024Article
- Emerging heterologous mRNA-based booster strategies within the COVID-19 vaccine landscape.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Article
- Predicting the Public Health Impact of Bivalent Vaccines and Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir Against Coronavirus Disease 2019.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on surgical outcomes after hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) surgery.Global health & medicine · 2023Article
- Severity of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in vaccinated healthcare workers.Iranian journal of microbiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo estimate the effectiveness of messenger RNA (mRNA) booster doses during the period of Delta and Omicron variant dominance.
designWe conducted a matched test-negative case-control study to estimate the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of three and two doses of mRNA vaccines against infection (regardless of symptoms) and against COVID-19-related hospitalisation and death.
settingVeterans Health Administration.
participantsWe used electronic health record data from 114 640 veterans who had a SARS-CoV-2 test during November 2021-January 2022. Patients were largely 65 years or older (52%), male (88%) and non-Hispanic white (59%).
main outcome measuresFirst positive result for a SARS-CoV-2 PCR or antigen test.
resultsAgainst infection, booster doses had higher estimated VE (64%, 95% CI 63 to 65) than two-dose vaccination (12%, 95% CI 10 to 15) during the Omicron period. For the Delta period, the VE against infection was 90% (95% CI 88 to 92) among boosted vaccinees, higher than the VE among two-dose vaccinees (54%, 95% CI 50 to 57). Against hospitalisation, booster dose VE was 89% (95% CI 88 to 91) during Omicron and 94% (95% CI 90 to 96) during Delta; two-dose VE was 63% (95% CI 58 to 67) during Omicron and 75% (95% CI 69 to 80) during Delta. Against death, the VE with a booster dose was 94% (95% CI 90 to 96) during Omicron and 96% (95% CI 87 to 99) during Delta.
conclusionsAmong an older, mostly male, population with comorbidities, we found that an mRNA vaccine booster was highly effective against infection, hospitalisation and death. Although the effectiveness of booster vaccination against infection was moderately higher against Delta than against the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant, effectiveness against severe disease and death was similarly high against both variants.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.