ArticleScience advances2022
Cell surface SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein modulates innate and adaptive immunity.
Article in Science advances, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 100 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
100 citing papers in PubMed, 121 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antibody Fc receptor binding and T cell responses to homologous and heterologous immunization with inactivated or mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.Nature communications · 2024Trial
- Comparative antibody and cell-mediated immune responses, reactogenicity, and efficacy of homologous and heterologous boosting with CoronaVac and BNT162b2 (Cobovax): an open-label, randomised trial.The Lancet. Microbe · 2023Trial
- Epigenetic regulation of DPP4 receptor expression by NONO enables replication of MERS-CoV.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- TRIM21 Neutralizes Hazara Virus Using a Dual Mechanism of Nucleoprotein Caging and Ubiquitination.Viruses · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid induces hyperinflammation and vascular leakage through the Toll-like receptor signaling axis in macrophages.Science advances · 2026Article
- Nanoscopy reveals heparan sulfate clusters as docking sites for SARS-CoV-2 attachment and entry.eLife · 2026Article
- Hijacking the host heparan sulfate-cell-surface ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) scaffold pathway for viral immune evasion.Virologica Sinica · 2026Article
- Affinity Selection of MS2 VLPs as SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Candidates Targeting Nucleocapsid Protein.Viruses · 2026Article
- Identification of a novel N-terminal linear B-cell epitope on the FIPV nucleocapsid protein by a monoclonal antibody.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- The Effects of Past COVID-19 and Vaccination on Antibody Levels, Cellular Immunity, and Cytokine Production by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Article
- Dysregulated host miRNAs with antiviral potential against SARS-CoV-2 identified from COVID-19 patients.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Structural basis of DNA aptamer A58 targeting the N-terminal domain of sarbecoviruses nucleocapsid protein.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein-specific monoclonal antibodies as tools for studying its antigenic structure and interaction with host cells.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein forms complexes with soluble complement regulatory proteins that can bind to the virion.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Nucleocapsid protein enhances spike- and RBD-specific humoral and cellular immune responses in protein-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- The Unexpected Visibility of the SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Reveals a Hidden Route of Surface Trafficking.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Increased anti-nucleocapsid secretory IgA and consumption of complement component 3 in post-COVID syndrome patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Multi-epitope vaccine targeting SARS-CoV-2 omicron S and N proteins promotes enhanced immunity: a computational approach.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Fc effector functions in RNA viral infections: mechanisms of antiviral immunity and implications for vaccine design.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
40 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (N) induces strong antibody (Ab) and T cell responses. Although considered to be localized in the cytosol, we readily detect N on the surface of live cells. N released by SARS-CoV-2-infected cells or N-expressing transfected cells binds to neighboring cells by electrostatic high-affinity binding to heparan sulfate and heparin, but not other sulfated glycosaminoglycans. N binds with high affinity to 11 human chemokines, including CXCL12β, whose chemotaxis of leukocytes is inhibited by N from SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1, and MERS-CoV. Anti-N Abs bound to the surface of N-expressing cells activate Fc receptor-expressing cells. Our findings indicate that cell surface N manipulates innate immunity by sequestering chemokines and can be targeted by Fc-expressing innate immune cells. This, in combination with its conserved antigenicity among human CoVs, advances its candidacy for vaccines that induce cross-reactive B and T cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 variants and other human CoVs, including novel zoonotic strains.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.