ArticlePsychological medicine2023
Stressful life events increase the risk of major depressive episodes: A population-based twin study.
Article in Psychological medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- History of childhood trauma enhances the detrimental effects of recent stressors on brain structure and function in major depressive disorder.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Article
- The Hidden Psychological Burden of Burn Injury: Clinical Characteristics Correlation of Psychiatric Disorders in Hospitalized Burn Patients at the Burn Unit of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital.European burn journal · 2026Article
- Editorial: When children also shape the family environment.JCPP advances · 2026Article
- Article
- The nature of the relation between mental well-being and ill-being.Nature human behaviour · 2025Review
- From past to present: the connection of traumatic childhood experiences, recent stressful life events, and treatment expectations in depression.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2025Article
- The development of an environmental risk score using Swedish National Registers and its impact on subsequent episodes of major depression.Psychological medicine · 2025Article
- Understanding Resilience in Parents: Longitudinal Examination of Trait Resilience, Stressful Life Events, and Psychological Distress Symptoms-Insights From the FinnBrain Study.Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress · 2024Article
- The Efficacy of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Treatment for Depression: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression of Randomized Controlled Trials.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Nonshared environment: Real but random.JCPP advances · 2024Article
- Article
- Impact pathways of personality and psychosocial stress on depression among adult community residents in China: a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- The Wistar Kyoto Rat: A Model of Depression Traits.Current neuropharmacology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPrevious studies have found that stressful life events (SLEs) are associated with an increased risk of adult depression. However, many studies are observational in nature and limited by methodological issues, such as potential confounding by genetic factors. Genetically informative research, such as the co-twin control design, can strengthen causal inference in observational studies. Discrete-time survival analysis has several benefits and multilevel survival analysis can incorporate frailty terms (random effects) to estimate the components of the biometric model. In the current study, we investigated associations between SLEs and depression risk in a population-based twin sample (
methodsA co-twin control design was used to investigate the influence of the occurrence of SLEs on depression risk. The co-twin control design involves comparing patterns of associations in the full sample and within dizygotic (DZ) and monozygotic twins (MZ). Associations were modelled using discrete-time survival analysis with biometric frailty terms. Data from two time points were used in the analyses. Mean age at Wave 1 was 28 years and mean age at Wave 2 was 38 years.
resultsSLE occurrence was associated with increased depression risk. Co-twin control analyses indicated that this association was at least in part due to the causal influence of SLE exposure on depression risk for event occurrence across all SLEs and for violent SLEs. A minor proportion of the total genetic risk of depression reflected genetic effects related to SLEs.
conclusionsThe results support previous research in implicating SLEs as important risk factors with probable causal influence on depression risk.
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