ArticleVirus evolution2022
Genomic epidemiology of seasonal influenza circulation in China during prolonged border closure from 2020 to 2021.
Article in Virus evolution, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Epistasis facilitates the long-term antigenic evolution of the influenza B virus hemagglutinin.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A spatio-temporal causal network for multi-scale analysis of infectious respiratory diseases transmission.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2026Article
- Molecular and antigenic characteristics of the influenza B virus in Guangzhou, 2022-2023.Virology journal · 2026Article
- Tracking Seasonal Influenza Trends in South Tyrol During 2022/2023 Using Genomic Surveillance Data.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2025Article
- COVID-19 pandemic interventions reshaped the global dispersal of seasonal influenza viruses.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
China experienced a resurgence of seasonal influenza activity throughout 2021 despite intermittent control measures and prolonged international border closure. We show genomic evidence for multiple A(H3N2), A(H1N1), and B/Victoria transmission lineages circulating over 3 years, with the 2021 resurgence mainly driven by two B/Victoria clades. Phylodynamic analysis revealed unsampled ancestry prior to widespread outbreaks in December 2020, showing that influenza lineages can circulate cryptically under non-pharmaceutical interventions enacted against COVID-19. Novel haemagglutinin gene mutations and altered age profiles of infected individuals were observed, and Jiangxi province was identified as a major source for nationwide outbreaks. Following major holiday periods, fluctuations in the effective reproduction number were observed, underscoring the importance of influenza vaccination prior to holiday periods or travel. Extensive heterogeneity in seasonal influenza circulation patterns in China determined by historical strain circulation indicates that a better understanding of demographic patterns is needed for improving effective controls.
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