ReviewImmunotherapy advances2021
Enhancing co-stimulation of CAR T cells to improve treatment outcomes in solid cancers.
Review in Immunotherapy advances, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rewiring immunity with in vivo CAR T cell engineering.Nature cancer · 2026Review
- Enhancement of CD117-Targeted Bispecific T-cell Engagement by CD33-Targeted Bispecific T-cell Costimulation in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.Cancer research communications · 2026Article
- CD79A/CD40 intracellular domain uses a 4-1BB-like metabolic pathway driven by cholesterol biosynthesis.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- The promise of immunotherapy for central nervous system tumours.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Next-generation CAR-T cells design: leveraging tumor features for enhanced efficacy.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Exploring CAR-macrophages in non-tumor diseases: Therapeutic potential beyond cancer.Journal of advanced research · 2025Review
- Discovery of BMS-986408, a First-In-Class Dual DGKα and DGKζ Inhibitor that Unleashes PD-1 Checkpoint and CAR T-cell Immunotherapies.Cancer immunology research · 2025Article
- Perspective: IL-15 cytokine-armored NK cells as ready-to-use immunotherapy for diverse malignancies: therapeutic potential and toxicity risks.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- In vivo gene editing and in situ generation of chimeric antigen receptor cells for next-generation cancer immunotherapy.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2024Review
- TALEN-edited allogeneic inducible dual CAR T cells enable effective targeting of solid tumors while mitigating off-tumor toxicity.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2024Article
- Advancements and challenges in developing in vivo CAR T cell therapies for cancer treatment.EBioMedicine · 2024Review
- Autoimmune disease is the next frontier for CAR T cell therapy.Nature medicine · 2024Article
- CAR T-cell Design-dependent Remodeling of the Brain Tumor Immune Microenvironment Modulates Tumor-associated Macrophages and Anti-glioma Activity.Cancer research communications · 2023Article
- β2-Adrenergic Receptor Mediated Inhibition of T Cell Function and Its Implications for CAR-T Cell Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Editorial: Combining chemo/radio therapy and immunotherapy for cancers-perfect mix of old and new.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Co-stimulation is a fundamental component of T cell biology and plays a key role in determining the quality of T cell proliferation, differentiation, and memory formation. T cell-based immunotherapies, such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell immunotherapy, are no exception. Solid tumours have largely been refractory to CAR T cell therapy owing to an immunosuppressive microenvironment which limits CAR T cell persistence and effector function. In order to eradicate solid cancers, increasingly sophisticated strategies are being developed to deliver these vital co-stimulatory signals to CAR T cells, often specifically within the tumour microenvironment. These include designing novel co-stimulatory domains within the CAR or other synthetic receptors, arming CAR T cells with cytokines or using CAR T cells in combination with agonist antibodies. This review discusses the evolving role of co-stimulation in CAR T cell therapies and the strategies employed to target co-stimulatory pathways in CAR T cells, with a view to improve responses in solid tumours.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.