ReviewImmunotherapy advances2021
Adaptive immunity and vaccination - iron in the spotlight.
Review in Immunotherapy advances, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of correcting iron deficiency on the risk of serious infection in heart failure: Insights from the IRONMAN trial.European journal of heart failure · 2025Trial
- Adjudication of Hospitalizations and Deaths in the IRONMAN Trial of Intravenous Iron for Heart Failure.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2024Trial
- Review
- Prognostic role of anaemia in maxillofacial space infections: a prospective clinical cohort study.Oral and maxillofacial surgery · 2026Article
- COVID-19 boosters restore virus-specific immune responses in kidney transplant recipients unresponsive to primary vaccination.Npj viruses · 2026Article
- Effects of Iron Status on Adaptive Immunity and Vaccine Efficacy: A Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2024Review
- Cellular iron governs the host response to malaria.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Immune System Modulation by the Adjuvants Poly (I:C) and Montanide ISA 720.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Evaluation of perturbed iron-homeostasis in a prospective cohort of patients with COVID-19.Wellcome open research · 2022Article
- Analysis of Iron and Iron-Interacting Protein Dynamics During T-Cell Activation.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Harnessing immunometabolism for cardiovascular health and cancer therapy.Immunotherapy advances · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Vaccination programmes are critically important to suppress the burden of infectious diseases, saving countless lives globally, as emphasised by the current COVID-19 pandemic. Effective adaptive immune responses are complex processes subject to multiple influences. Recent genetic, pre-clinical, and clinical studies have converged to show that availability of iron is a key factor regulating the development of T and B cell responses to infection and immunisation. Lymphocytes obtain iron from circulating transferrin. The amount of iron bound to transferrin is dependent on dietary iron availability and is decreased during inflammation via upregulation of the iron-regulatory hormone, hepcidin. As iron deficiency and chronic inflammatory states are both globally prevalent health problems, the potential impact of low iron availability on immune responses is significant. We describe the evidence supporting the importance of iron in immunity, highlight important unknowns, and discuss how therapeutic interventions to modulate iron availability might be implementable in the context of vaccination and infectious disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.