Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35918782›Full record

ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2023

Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) Vaccine Effectiveness Against Symptomatic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection During Delta-Dominant and Omicron-Dominant Periods in Japan: A Multicenter Prospective Case-control Study (Factors Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection and the Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines Study).

Takeshi Arashiro, Yuzo Arima, Hirokazu Muraoka, Akihiro Sato, Kunihiro Oba, Yuki Uehara, Hiroko Arioka, Hideki Yanai, Jin Kuramochi, Genei Ihara and 16 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
51citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

51 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

26 authors.

Takeshi ArashiroCenter for Surveillance, Immunization, and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-5215-1500
Yuzo ArimaCenter for Surveillance, Immunization, and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
Hirokazu MuraokaClinic for Tamachi, Tokyo, Japan.
Akihiro SatoKARADA Internal Medicine Clinic, Tokyo, Japan.
Kunihiro ObaDepartment of Pediatrics, Showa General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
Yuki UeharaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
Hiroko AriokaDepartment of General Internal Medicine, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
Hideki YanaiFukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Kiyose, Japan.
Jin KuramochiKuramochi Clinic Interpark, Tochigi, Japan.
Genei IharaMachida Ekimae Naika Clinic, Tokyo, Japan.
Kumi ChubachiChubachi Internal Respiratory Medicine Clinic, Tokyo, Japan.
Naoki YanagisawaYanagisawa Clinic, Tokyo, Japan.
Yoshito NaguraShinjuku Home Clinic, Tokyo, Japan.
Yasuyuki KatoDepartment of Infectious Diseases, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
Akihiro UedaDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.
Akira NumataIkebukuro Metropolitan Clinic, Tokyo, Japan.
Hideaki KatoInfection Prevention and Control Department, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan.
Koji IshiiSaitama Sekishinkai Hospital, Saitama, Japan.
Takao OokiSaitama Sekishinkai Hospital, Saitama, Japan.
Hideaki OkaDepartment of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan.
Yusuke NishidaDepartment of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan.
Ashley StuckyCenter for Surveillance, Immunization, and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
Chris SmithFaculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
Martin HibberdFaculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
Koya AriyoshiSchool of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
Motoi SuzukiCenter for Surveillance, Immunization, and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAlthough several coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines initially showed high efficacy, there have been concerns because of waning immunity and the emergence of variants with immune escape capacity.

methodsA test-negative design case-control study was conducted in 16 healthcare facilities in Japan during the Delta-dominant period (August-September 2021) and the Omicron-dominant period (January-March 2022). Vaccine effectiveness (VE) against symptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection was calculated for 2 doses for the Delta-dominant period and 2 or 3 doses for the Omicron-dominant period compared with unvaccinated individuals.

resultsThe analysis included 5795 individuals with 2595 (44.8%) cases. Among vaccinees, 2242 (55.8%) received BNT162b2 and 1624 (40.4%) received messenger RNA (mRNA)-1273 at manufacturer-recommended intervals. During the Delta-dominant period, VE was 88% (95% confidence interval [CI], 82-93) 14 days to 3 months after dose 2 and 87% (95% CI, 38-97) 3 to 6 months after dose 2. During the Omicron-dominant period, VE was 56% (95% CI, 37-70) 14 days to 3 months since dose 2, 52% (95% CI, 40-62) 3 to 6 months after dose 2, 49% (95% CI, 34-61) 6+ months after dose 2, and 74% (95% CI, 62-83) 14+ days after dose 3. Restricting to individuals at high risk of severe COVID-19 and additional adjustment for preventive measures (ie, mask wearing/high-risk behaviors) yielded similar estimates, respectively.

conclusionsIn Japan, where most are infection-naïve, and strict prevention measures are maintained regardless of vaccination status, 2-dose mRNA vaccines provided high protection against symptomatic infection during the Delta-dominant period and moderate protection during the Omicron-dominant period. Among individuals who received an mRNA booster dose, VE recovered to a high level.

Indexed as

COVID-19BNT162 VaccineCase-Control StudiesCOVID-19 VaccinesHumansJapanRNA, MessengerSARS-CoV-2Vaccine EfficacyBNT162 VaccineCOVID-19 VaccinesRNA, Messengercoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)SARS-CoV-2 variantssevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)test-negative designvaccine effectiveness

Identifiers

PMID35918782
PMCPMC9384625

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.