ArticleInternational journal of bipolar disorders2022
Differences between bipolar disorder types 1 and 2 support the DSM two-syndrome concept.
Article in International journal of bipolar disorders, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed.
- Moral emotion processing in euthymic bipolar disorder: insights from network analysis.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in Patients With Bipolar II Disorder.JAMA network open · 2026Observational
- Blunted niacin skin flushing response with subtype-specific clinical associations in adolescent bipolar disorder.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Appetite hormones rather than proinflammatory cytokines differentiate bipolar I and II depression: a classification and regression tree analysis.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Motivational regulations for exercise in Brazilian outpatients with bipolar disorder: An analysis based on the self-regulation theory.PloS one · 2026Article
- Mental Health Treatment Needs and Preferences for People Living with Bipolar Disorder in Australia.Community mental health journal · 2025Article
- New Genomics Discoveries Across the Bipolar Disorder Spectrum Implicate Neurobiological and Developmental Pathways.Biological psychiatry · 2025Review
- Clinical prescription of lithium, anticonvulsants antipsychotics, and antidepressants for major mood disorders.International journal of bipolar disorders · 2025Article
- Bipolar II disorder: a state-of-the-art review.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2025Article
- Antidepressants in the treatment of bipolar depression: commentary.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Review
- Short Communication on Proposed Treatment Directions in Bipolar Disorder: A Psychotherapy Perspective.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Characterization of Bipolar Disorder I and II: Clinical Features, Comorbidities, and Pharmacological Pattern.Alpha psychiatry · 2024Article
- Combining predominant polarity and affective spectrum concepts in bipolar disorder: towards a novel theoretical and clinical perspective.International journal of bipolar disorders · 2024Article
- White and gray matter alterations in bipolar I and bipolar II disorder subtypes compared with healthy controls - exploring associations with disease course and polygenic risk.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Network dysfunction of sadness facial expression processing and morphometry in euthymic bipolar disorder.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2024Article
- Genomic SEM applied to explore etiological divergences in bipolar subtypes.Psychological medicine · 2024Article
- Prevention of suicidal behavior with lithium treatment in patients with recurrent mood disorders.International journal of bipolar disorders · 2024Review
- What Came First, Mania or Depression? Polarity at Onset in Bipolar I and II: Temperament and Clinical Course.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- A characteristic cerebellar biosignature for bipolar disorder, identified with fully automatic machine learning.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2023Article
- Bipolar II Disorder: Understudied and Underdiagnosed.Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing) · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo compare characteristics of bipolar disorder patients diagnosed as DSM-5 types I (BD-1) vs. II (BD-2).
methodsWe compared descriptive, psychopathological, and treatment characteristics in a sample of 1377 consenting, closely and repeatedly evaluated adult BD patient-subjects from a specialty clinic, using bivariate methods and logistic multivariable modeling.
resultsFactors found more among BD-2 > BD-1 cases included: [a] descriptors (more familial affective disorder, older at onset, diagnosis and first-treatment, more education, employment and higher socioeconomic status, more marriage and children, and less obesity); [b] morbidity (more general medical diagnoses, less drug abuse and smoking, more initial depression and less [hypo]mania or psychosis, longer episodes, higher intake depression and anxiety ratings, less mood-switching with antidepressants, less seasonal mood-change, greater %-time depressed and less [hypo]manic, fewer hospitalizations, more depression-predominant polarity, DMI > MDI course-pattern, and less violent suicidal behavior); [c] specific item-scores with initial HDRS
conclusionsBD-2 was characterized by more prominent and longer depressions with some hypomania and mixed-features but not mania and rarely psychosis. BD-2 subjects had higher socioeconomic and functional status but also high levels of long-term morbidity and suicidal risk. Accordingly, BD-2 is dissimilar to, but not necessarily less severe than BD-1, consistent with being distinct syndromes.
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